tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-54253888768862243842024-03-19T08:56:25.553-04:00African Creation EnergyAfrican Creation Energy, Creative Solution-Based Technical Consulting. African Creation Energy is dedicated to the African Scientific, Technological, and Industrial revolution. This blog presents information related to African Science, Math, Engineering, and TechnologyAfrican Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.comBlogger78125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-47625763974800729442021-08-28T00:01:00.008-04:002021-08-28T00:01:50.594-04:00The Evolution of Science - From Ancient Science to Proto-Science to Modern Science<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qsotDAIsi3A" width="320" youtube-src-id="qsotDAIsi3A"></iframe></div><br /><p></p>African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-61672144738398579962020-04-21T10:39:00.003-04:002020-04-21T10:41:27.441-04:00Possible vs Plausible vs Probable - THE PYRAMID OF TRUTH<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The purpose of this presentation is to differentiate the various degrees of truth in the meaning of the words <b>Possible</b>, <b>Plausible</b>, and <b>Probable</b>, when used in a Scientific context. In the common use of these words, in laymen terms, these words are used interchangeably, however, in the scientific context, each of these words have a distinct meaning and implication when it comes to determining truth and accuracy. Being able to distinguish the difference between <b>Possible</b>, <b>Plausible</b>, and <b>Probable</b> empowers one to be able to identify weak arguments containing lesser degrees of truth, and also empowers one to be able to construct stronger arguments with higher degrees of truth. This presentation builds on concepts presented in one of my earlier videos entitled “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkHFcKzldXo" target="_blank">9 Types of Reason</a>” which serves as a prerequisite.<br />
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Above is the pyramid of truth. The gold capstone on the top of the pyramid represents “<b>The Truth</b>” – that is information that is confirmed, factual, accurate, and 100% certain. Ideally, this is what we want to obtain. On the way to the truth at the top of the Pyramid however, we have to pass through the three layers in respective order of, <b>Possible</b>, <b>Plausible</b>, and <b>Probable</b>. In short, Possible is what can be true or has the potential of being true. Plausible is truth determined by way of valid logic and reason, and Probable is what is most likely to be true.<br />
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But, before we discuss the first of three layers, we have to discuss what the sand represents. The sand represents what is impossible. That is, information that is false, fallacious, phony, and not true. The sand represents information or material that we cannot build with. We use Deductive reasoning, with the capability condition, to separate what is Possible from what is impossible in order to build and construction the first layer of the Pyramid. <br />
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<u><b>Possible:</b></u><br />
The first layer of the pyramid, colored in red, represents information, premises, ideas, or concepts that are Possible. That is, information that has:<br />
<ul>
<li>potential to be true, </li>
<li>it may or may not be true, (various degrees of certainty)</li>
<li>it obeys the laws of physics</li>
<li>it exists in the “Realm of Possibility”, within the limits of ability or reality</li>
<li>there must not be any contradictory proven facts</li>
<li>there is no guarantee that it is true</li>
<li>Can be true, capable of being true </li>
</ul>
It is important to note that just because something is possible, i.e. can happen, doesn’t mean it will happen. Just because something is possible to be true, or can be true, does not mean that it is true. When someone is arguing for the mere possibility of something, you will hear them saying things like this CAN happen, or that CAN happen, or this CAN be true, or that CAN be true. Possibility arguments are the weakest of arguments. Possibility arguments are only one step above impossibility or falsehood. There are almost an infinite number of Possibilities that can be imagined for any given subject. As humans, we have neither the time nor energy to weigh and consider every single thing that has the mere “Possibility” to be true, it is indeed overwhelming, thus we move to the next layer which is Plausibility.<br />
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<u><b>Plausible:</b></u><br />
The second layer of the pyramid, colored in black, represents information, premises, ideas, or concepts that are Plausible. The word “Plausible” in the context of scientific terminology means, logical and reasonable. From the infinite number of Possibilities, we use logic and reason to determine which piece of information, idea, concept, or premise is Plausible – that is, most reasonable. Different forms of Reason are used to determine Plausibility, including: <br />
<ul>
<li>Inductive Reasoning</li>
<li>Abductive Reasoning</li>
<li>Causal Reasoning</li>
<li>Practical Reasoning</li>
</ul>
Plausibility means you can demonstrate without any logical fallacies that there is valid reason that something is true. Everything determined as Plausible is also Possible, but not everything Possible is Plausible. Plausibility can be determined by way of reason before (<i>a priori</i>) specific data and evidence is collected. This is related to the old aphorism; “<i>the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence</i>”. It is true that the absence of evidence is not necessarily evidence of absence; that is to say, just because there is no empirical proof of something, does not mean that empirical proof does not exist. However, until information that is proven by reason has empirical evidence, then Plausibility is the best qualification that can be given in the “absence of evidence”. Ideally, you want evidence, facts, and data to support your Plausible argument, and when unbiasedly collecting evidence and data, in most cases, you will find evidence in support of, and refuting your idea. Which brings us to the next layer which is Probability.<br />
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<u><b>Probable:</b></u><br />
The third layer of the pyramid colored with the green to yellow gradient, on our way to the truth, represents information, premises, ideas, or concepts that are Probable. After collecting evidence and data (<i>a posteriori</i>) for your Plausible ideas, you will come across information that supports your idea, and you will come across information which refutes your idea. It is important to note, that <i>Pseudoscience</i> is the process of collecting only the information that supports your idea and ignoring the information that refutes your idea. When Scientists collect data, there will be some information that supports their plausible ideas, and some information that refutes their plausible ideas. Everything Probable must also be Plausible, but not everything that is Plausible is also Probable. Probability is determined by way of Statistical Reasoning when weighing the supporting evidence versus the refuting evidence. The word “Probable” in the context of scientific terminology means something that is most likely, a strong chance, or statistically significant. When the evidence supporting an idea is greater than the evidence refuting an idea, in a ratio of greater than 50%, then it is fair to say that the argument is Probable, i.e. most likely to be true. However, within Probability, there are varying degrees of strength from greater than 50% to 99.9%. You have to admit that something that is 75% likely to be true is better than something that is only 51% likely to be true, and something 85% likely to be true is better than something that is 75% likely to be true, and so on. When you get to the level of 90%, 95%, and 99% probable, then you are in the range of what is called Statistically Significant, where there may be some refuting evidence, but it is highly likely that the argument is true. When people try to debate with information that is true by way of Probability, i.e. highly likely or most Probable, they attempt to find the small amount of information in the minority that refutes the concept and ignore the overwhelming majority of information that supports the concept. And again we reiterate, choosing to accept the minority of evidence for a Probably argument and ignoring the majority of evidence for a probable argument is the methodology of <i>Pseudoscience</i> and not Science. For the overwhelming majority of ideas and concepts, there is information confirming and refuting the idea, and being able to say something is most likely, most probable, or statistically significant is the best qualification that can be given to the majority of information. <br />
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For a few concepts, ideas, or information that are deemed 100% probable, i.e. 100% certain and confirmed, with no refuting evidence, then these are the ideas, concepts, and points of information that make it to the gold capstone of our pyramid and can be deemed “<b>THE TRUTH</b>”!<br />
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In summary:<br />
<ol>
<li><b>Possible</b> = can be true, potential of being true</li>
<li><b>Plausible</b> = true determined by valid logic and reason</li>
<li><b>Probable</b> = most likely to be true</li>
</ol>
These are the 3 steps on the road to truth, which separate Truth from FalsehoodAfrican Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-27102734218842545272019-07-03T08:17:00.003-04:002019-07-03T08:17:51.595-04:00All-Girls Robotic Team From Ghana Wins World Robofest ChampionshipSource: <a href="https://www.ebony.com/news/race-culture/girls-robotic-team-ghana-wins-world-robofest-championship">https://www.ebony.com/news/race-culture/girls-robotic-team-ghana-wins-world-robofest-championship</a>/<br />
<a href="https://face2faceafrica.com/article/all-girls-robotics-team-from-ghana-wins-world-robofest-championship-in-the-u-s" target="_blank">https://face2faceafrica.com/article/all-girls-robotics-team-from-ghana-wins-world-robofest-championship-in-the-u-s </a><br />
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ACROBOT, an all-girls robotics team from Ghana, won the 2019 World Robofest Championship, “a festival of competitions with autonomous robots,” according to its website. The contest took place at Lawrence Technological University (LTU) in Southfield, Michigan, from May 16 to 18 2019.<br /><br />According to the pan-African media company Face 2 Face Africa, the team is comprised of nine girls from the Methodist Girls’ High School in the eastern region of the West African country.<br /><br />ACROBOT beat out teams from Mexico, the United States, Egypt, South Korea, South Africa, and dozens of others in all 10 categories. The categories include the Game (Complete robotic missions), Exhibition (Show off projects), Vision Centric Challenge (Develop robots to solve problems using cameras), Unknown Mission Challenge (Surprise missions), RoboArts (Robotics music, dance and arts competition), BottleSumo (Pushing bottle or opponents off a table), RoboParade (Parade of robots), Camps, Carnival and WISER, a conference on STEM education through robotics. ACROBOT also successfully built a robot and used the binary number given during the competition to have it organize boxes.<br /><br />The U.S. Embassy of Ghana congratulated the girls for winning in a tweet posted on May 21. “Congratulations to Team ACROBOT. . .We are proud to partner with the Ghana Robotics Academy Foundation to promote STEM education,” it wrote under a photo of the team.<br /><br />The girls’ team was not the only competitors from Ghana; there was also a boys’ collective called Team Cosmic Intellect that was a participant of the contest’s junior division. The boys’ team came in sixth place among the 52 teams competing in Robofest.<br />
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The two teams qualified from the national championship level called the Robotics Inspired Science Education (RISE) competition organized by the Ghana Robotics Academy Foundation in January. They beat several teams before qualifying for the World Robofest Championship.<br /><br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3nspbo3gwvSsRRsr_2hBpccgFuUDS2C5Fu5ju2WMl_-sXdYWSE2slRUT22Ec0ZDKNWRI7TpV5iXNMEqULS75GXpkiVLiW3BW6r9wBLN2oeTFNDDFX1Jx07MIhdxldVHLsgBfW4YkWrH3p/s1600/21986_Inside_InSight_Ashitey_Trebi_Ollennu-full.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="625" data-original-width="886" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3nspbo3gwvSsRRsr_2hBpccgFuUDS2C5Fu5ju2WMl_-sXdYWSE2slRUT22Ec0ZDKNWRI7TpV5iXNMEqULS75GXpkiVLiW3BW6r9wBLN2oeTFNDDFX1Jx07MIhdxldVHLsgBfW4YkWrH3p/s400/21986_Inside_InSight_Ashitey_Trebi_Ollennu-full.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
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The Ghana Robotics Academy Foundation was founded by Dr. Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu, the Ghanaian robotics engineer at NASA and the chief engineer and technical group leader for the mobility and manipulation group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He is one of the lead engineers behind NASA’s Mars Rover and InSight projects. <br /><br />Robofest has been organized since 1999 to offer students the opportunity to master principles of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) as well as Computer Science (CS), communication, critical thinking, teamwork, and problem solving skills while designing, constructing, and programming robots.<br /><br />Since Robofest started, over 25,000 students have competed from 14 U.S. States, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Ecuador, Egypt, England, France, Ghana, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Lebanon, Macau, Mexico, Singapore, South Africa, and South Korea. The teams compete in the junior, senior and college divisions.<br /><br />All registered participants received medals and personalized certificates while winners of qualifying and championship rounds received trophies.<br />African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-71914330216675995612019-06-19T09:06:00.000-04:002019-06-19T09:06:18.152-04:00This 26-year-old Nigerian is now the highest paid robotics engineer in the world<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Source: <a href="https://face2faceafrica.com/article/this-26-year-old-nigerian-is-now-the-highest-paid-robotics-engineer-in-the-world">https://face2faceafrica.com/article/this-26-year-old-nigerian-is-now-the-highest-paid-robotics-engineer-in-the-world</a><br />
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A 26-year-old Nigerian, credited for building the world’s first gaming robot, has just become the highest paid in the field of Robotic engineering. Silas Adekunle achieved this feat after signing a new deal with the world’s reputable software manufacturers, Apple Inc. The robotics engineer was also named as “Someone to Watch in 2018” by the Black Hedge Fund Group, according to reports by thebossnewspapers.com.<br />
<br />Adekunle is currently the founder and CEO of <b><a href="https://reachrobotics.com/" target="_blank">Reach Robotics</a></b>, a company developing the world’s first gaming robots. He also recently graduated with a 1st class degree and has four years’ background in robotics.<br /><br />Born in Lagos, Nigeria, Adekunle studied in Nigeria before relocating to the UK as a teenager.<br />After completing his secondary school education, he proceeded to the University of the West of England where he graduated with a first class graduate in Robotics.<br /><br />In 2013, he founded <b><a href="https://reachrobotics.com/" target="_blank">Reach Robotics</a></b> and developed a lot of experience on robotics within a space of four years. Adekunle was also a team leader of Robotics In Schools program, a program which encourages and pays attention to students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).<br /><br />The program encouraged him to develop robotics to make education more entertaining for STEM students. In 2017, MekaMon, he released the world’s first gaming robot, with the special ability to customize the gaming bot to perform personalized functions.<br /><br />The initial launch of Mekamon sold 500 bots, generating $7.5 million, according to The Guardian.<br />Following this feat, Adekunle received support from various organizations including London Venture Partners ($10 million) and in the same year, his company, Reach Robotics signed a deal with Apple securing exclusive sales in Apple stores.<br /><br />“Impressed by the quality of his robots and their ability to show emotion with subtly-calibrated movements, Apple priced his four-legged “battle-bots” at $300 and has put them in nearly all of its stores in the United States and Britain.<br /><br />“Early customers skew towards male techies but a growing number of parents are buying the robots for their children to get them interested in STEM, Adekunle told Forbes in an interview this year.<br />The young entrepreneur who once indicated that the secrets to his success are “balance, shared ideas, time management and being oneself”, was recently listed in the 2018 Forbes 30 Under 30 Europe: Technology.<br /><br />Adekunle, who has taken over the world with his inventiveness, is currently located at the Bristol Robotics Lab which is said to be the best robotics research center in the UK.<br />
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<br />African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-54649873422414608252018-07-08T14:00:00.002-04:002018-07-08T14:00:53.408-04:00256 Odù Ifá in Binary<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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There are sixteen major books in Odu Ifá literary corpus. When combined there are total of 256 Odu (a collection of sixteen, each of which has sixteen alternatives) believed to reference all situations, circumstances, actions and consequences in life based on the uncountable ese (poetic tutorials) relative to the 256 Odu coding. The 256 Odu Ifá are:<br />
<br />1. Ogbe Ogbe<br />2. Oyeku Oyeku<br />3. Iwori Iwori<br />4. Odio Odio<br />5. Irosun Irosun<br />6. Owonrin Owonrin<br />7. Obara Obara<br />8. Okanran Okanran<br />9. Ogunda Ogunda<br />10. Osa Osa<br />11. Ika Ika<br />12. Oturuopon Oturuopon<br />13. Otura Otura<br />14. Irete Irete<br />15. Ose Ose<br />16. Ofun Ofun<br />17. Ogbe Oyeku<br />18. Ogbe Iwori<br />19. Ogbe Odio<br />20. Ogbe Irosun<br />21. Ogbe Owonrin<br />22. Ogbe Obara<br />23. Ogbe Okanran<br />24. Ogbe Ogunda<br />25. Ogbe Osa<br />26. Ogbe Ika<br />27. Ogbe Oturuopon<br />28. Ogbe Otura<br />29. Ogbe Irete<br />30. Ogbe Ose<br />31. Ogbe Ofun<br />32. Oyeku Ogbe<br />33. Oyeku Iwori<br />34. Oyeku Odio<br />35. Oyeku Irosun<br />36. Oyeku Owonrin<br />37. Oyeku Obara<br />38. Oyeku Okanran<br />39. Oyeku Ogunda<br />40. Oyeku Osa<br />41. Oyeku Ika<br />42. Oyeku Oturuopon<br />43. Oyeku Otura<br />44. Oyeku Irete<br />45. Oyeku Ose<br />46. Oyeku Ofun<br />47. Iwori Ogbe<br />48. Iwori Oyeku<br />49. Iwori Odio<br />50. Iwori Irosun<br />51. Iwori Owonrin<br />52. Iwori Obara<br />53. Iwori Okanran<br />54. Iwori Ogunda<br />55. Iwori Osa<br />56. Iwori Ika<br />57. Iwori Oturuopon<br />58. Iwori Otura<br />59. Iwori Irete<br />60. Iwori Ose<br />61. Iwori Ofun<br />62. Odio Ogbe<br />63. Odio Oyeku<br />64. Odio Iwori<br />65. Odio Irosun<br />66. Odio Owonrin<br />67. Odio Obara<br />68. Odio Okanran<br />69. Odio Ogunda<br />70. Odio Osa<br />71. Odio Ika<br />72. Odio Oturuopon<br />73. Odio Otura<br />74. Odio Irete<br />75. Odio Ose<br />76. Odio Ofun<br />77. Irosun Ogbe<br />78. Irosun Oyeku<br />79. Irosun Iwori<br />80. Irosun Odio<br />81. Irosun Owonrin<br />82. Irosun Obara<br />83. Irosun Okanran<br />84. Irosun Ogunda<br />85. Irosun Osa<br />86. Irosun Ika<br />87. Irosun Oturuopon<br />88. Irosun Otura<br />89. Irosun Irete<br />90. Irosun Ose<br />91. Irosun Ofun<br />92. Owonrin Ogbe<br />93. Owonrin Oyeku<br />94. Owonrin Iwori<br />95. Owonrin Odio<br />96. Owonrin Irosun<br />97. Owonrin Obara<br />98. Owonrin Okanran<br />99. Owonrin Ogunda<br />100. Owonrin Osa<br />101. Owonrin Ika<br />102. Owonrin Oturuopon<br />103. Owonrin Otura<br />104. Owonrin Irete<br />105. Owonrin Ose<br />106. Owonrin Ofun<br />107. Obara Ogbe<br />108. Obara Oyeku<br />109. Obara Iwori<br />110. Obara Odio<br />111. Obara Irosun<br />112. Obara Owonrin<br />113. Obara Okanran<br />114. Obara Ogunda<br />115. Obara Osa<br />116. Obara Ika<br />117. Obara Oturuopon<br />118. Obara Otura<br />119. Obara Irete<br />120. Obara Ose<br />121. Obara Ofun<br />122. Okanran Ogbe<br />123. Okanran Oyeku<br />124. Okanran Iwori<br />125. Okanran Odio<br />126. Okanran Irosun<br />127. Okanran Owonrin<br />128. Okanran Obara<br />129. Okanran Ogunda<br />130. Okanran Osa<br />131. Okanran Ika<br />132. Okanran Oturuopon<br />133. Okanran Otura<br />134. Okanran Irete<br />135. Okanran Ose<br />136. Okanran Ofun<br />137. Ogunda Ogbe<br />138. Ogunda Oyeku<br />139. Ogunda Iwori<br />140. Ogunda Odio<br />141. Ogunda Irosun<br />142. Ogunda Owonrin<br />143. Ogunda Obara<br />144. Ogunda Okanran<br />145. Ogunda Osa<br />146. Ogunda Ika<br />147. Ogunda Oturuopon<br />148. Ogunda Otura<br />149. Ogunda Irete<br />150. Ogunda Ose<br />151. Ogunda Ofun<br />152. Osa Ogbe<br />153. Osa Oyeku<br />154. Osa Iwori<br />155. Osa Odio<br />156. Osa Irosun<br />157. Osa Owonrin<br />158. Osa Obara<br />159. Osa Okanran<br />160. Osa Ogunda<br />161. Osa Ika<br />162. Osa Oturuopon<br />163. Osa Otura<br />164. Osa Irete<br />165. Osa Ose<br />166. Osa Ofun<br />167. Ika Ogbe<br />168. Ika Oyeku<br />169. Ika Iwori<br />170. Ika Odio<br />171. Ika Irosun<br />172. Ika Owonrin<br />173. Ika Obara<br />174. Ika Okanran<br />175. Ika Ogunda<br />176. Ika Osa<br />177. Ika Oturuopon<br />178. Ika Otura<br />179. Ika Irete<br />180. Ika Ose<br />181. Ika Ofun<br />182. Oturuopon Ogbe<br />183. Oturuopon Oyeku<br />184. Oturuopon Iwori<br />185. Oturuopon Odio<br />186. Oturuopon Irosun<br />187. Oturuopon Owonrin<br />188. Oturuopon Obara<br />189. Oturuopon Okanran<br />190. Oturuopon Ogunda<br />191. Oturuopon Osa<br />192. Oturuopon Ika<br />193. Oturuopon Otura<br />194. Oturuopon Irete<br />195. Oturuopon Ose<br />196. Oturuopon Ofun<br />197. Otura Ogbe<br />198. Otura Oyeku<br />199. Otura Iwori<br />200. Otura Odio<br />201. Otura Irosun<br />202. Otura Owonrin<br />203. Otura Obara<br />204. Otura Okanran<br />205. Otura Ogunda<br />206. Otura Osa<br />207. Otura Ika<br />208. Otura Oturuopon<br />209. Otura Irete<br />210. Otura Ose<br />211. Otura Ofun<br />212. Irete Ogbe<br />213. Irete Oyeku<br />214. Irete Iwori<br />215. Irete Odio<br />216. Irete Irosun<br />217. Irete Owonrin<br />218. Irete Obara<br />219. Irete Okanran<br />220. Irete Ogunda<br />221. Irete Osa<br />222. Irete Ika<br />223. Irete Oturuopon<br />224. Irete Otura<br />225. Irete Ose<br />226. Irete Ofun<br />227. Ose Ogbe<br />228. Ose Oyeku<br />229. Ose Iwori<br />230. Ose Odio<br />231. Ose Irosun<br />232. Ose Owonrin<br />233. Ose Obara<br />234. Ose Okanran<br />235. Ose Ogunda<br />236. Ose Osa<br />237. Ose Ika<br />238. Ose Oturuopon<br />239. Ose Otura<br />240. Ose Irete<br />241. Ose Ofun<br />242. Ofun Ogbe<br />243. Ofun Oyeku<br />244. Ofun Iwori<br />245. Ofun Odio<br />246. Ofun Irosun<br />247. Ofun Owonrin<br />248. Ofun Obara<br />249. Ofun Okanran<br />250. Ofun Ogunda<br />251. Ofun Osa<br />252. Ofun Ika<br />253. Ofun Oturuopon<br />254. Ofun Otura<br />255. Ofun Irete<br />256. Ofun Ose<br /><br />African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-30256270628831354922017-09-04T21:38:00.002-04:002017-09-04T21:38:25.756-04:00Seshat, the African Math Goddess, and the Stretching the Cord Ritual<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Seshat </b>is the ancient African Egyptian goddess of knowledge, wisdom, and writing. She is the matron deity over seven scientific professions including mathematics, accounting, architecture, astronomy, building, surveying, and time keeping. <br />
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The name <b>Seshat </b>means “<i>she who is the scribe</i>”, and she held many titles in antiquity including:<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Mistress of the Library<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Mistress of the House of Books<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Head of the Mansion of Records<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mistress of the House of Architects<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Lady of the Builders<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Foremost of the Builders<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sefekhet-Abuy, She who wears the 7 horns<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>She who reckons life-time<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Lady of Years<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Lady of Fate<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Original One, Who Originated Writing at the Beginning<br />
•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>She who opens the doors of heaven<br />
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Seshat is depicted as a woman wearing a leopard skin dress, which is believed to represent the starry sky. In some astronomical ceilings, Seshat is present as the personification of the star Sirius. Seshat’s headdress, which also was the hieroglyph for her name, was a seven-pointed emblem beneath an arch. There are many speculations and interpretations about what Seshat’s symbol actually is. Some believe it is a magic wand. Some believe it is flower or plant with seven leaves, beneath a pair of inverted bull’s horns. And. Some believe it is a seven-pointed star beneath an inverted crescent moon. While all of these interpretations view Seshat’s symbol as a mere ornamental fetish, there is one interpretation of Seshat’s symbol which views it as a scientific instrument which was used in one of Seshat’s most important and practical functions, the “stretching of the cord” foundation ritual.<br />
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The Stretching of the cord foundation ceremony was performed prior to the construction of any building, temple, or pyramid in Ancient Kemet. The cord that was stretched was the mason’s line, which was used to measure out the dimensions of the building and align the building with stars and points of the compass. The stretching of the cord ceremony is mentioned on the Palermo Stone to have been performed as early as the 1st Dynasty by the Pharaoh Den, and Seshat has been depicted as part of the ceremony as early as the 2nd Dynasty, with the Pharaoh Khasekhemwy, father of the Pharaoh Djoser. Since then, Seshat has been depicted as part of the stretching of the cord ceremony for many Pharaohs through the thousands of years of the long storied history of Ancient Egypt. Although Seshat had no temple of her own, she was honored and revered at the creation of every temple, pyramid, and building in Ancient Egypt. <br />
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One interpretation of Seshat’s symbol is that it was used as a surveying tool during the stretching of the cord ceremony to mark the position of the axis and four corners of the future temple. The reigning pharaoh and a priestess personifying Seshat, would proceed to the future building site, each with a golden mallet and a stake connected by a cord to another stake. Seshat would drive her stake home at the previously prepared spot, and the Pharoah directed his gaze to the constellation of Ursa Major "Great Bear". After aligning the stars as seen through the visor formed by Seshat's headdress, he would raise his mallet and drove the stake into the ground, thus marking the position of the axis of the future temple. Once the observation of the stars had been made, the instrument would directly give the “four corners” of the temple<br />
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This is attested to by similar passages like the following, which have accompanied images of the pharaoh and Sheshat on many temple walls:<br />
"<i>I hold the stake. I grasp the handle of the hammer. I grip the measuring cord with Seshat. I turn my eyes to the movements of the stars. I fix my sight on Meskhet(yu) [the Bull´s thigh, the Great Bear, the Big Dipper]. I count off time, I watch the clock, I establish the four corners of your temple</i>"<br />
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When people admire the incredible accuracy that the Ancient Egyptians displayed in laying the foundations and orienting their buildings, it must be emphasized that the Ancient Egyptians accredited the math goddess Seshat for this accuracy.<br />
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<a href="http://www.iac.es/proyecto/arqueoastronomia/media/Belmonte_Shaltout_Chapter_7.pdf"><b>http://www.iac.es/proyecto/arqueoastronomia/media/Belmonte_Shaltout_Chapter_7.pdf</b></a> <br />
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African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-52923261868069824732017-08-19T23:00:00.001-04:002017-08-19T23:00:17.068-04:00African Pygmy Gods<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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One fascinating, yet little known fact, about the history of humanity, is that our origin, inception, progression, and proliferation, was dependent on the African Pygmy.<br />
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Millenniums ago, Before the first Dynasty of Ancient Kemet, Before the construction of the Great Pyramids and Sphinx, In a time reaching back to the Pre-dynastic period, and even earlier, going back countless ages into the Neolithic era, the stone age, and even further back to the very dawn of Humanity, the African Pygmy tribes were appointed by Nature to reign as vicegerents over the Planet Earth.<br />
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Scientific genetic studies have shown that the African Pygmy tribes have the oldest living DNA on planet earth. Namely, the San, Twa, Mbuti, Aka, and Bayaka tribes of Southern and Central Africa. Moreover, as it is discussed in the book “The Signs and Symbols of Primordial Man” by Albert Churchward, the Africoid Pyrmies travelled all over the planet. The pygmy tribes called “Negrito”, namely the Ati, Andamanese, Seman, Maniq, Aeta, and Koro-pok-guru, were the progenitors of the people in Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, India, and Japan. The Africoid Pygmy tribes were also sailors and navigators who traveled to the islands of New Guinea and Australia as the predecessors of people in that region. Back on the African continent, the Dogon tribe of Mali tell stories of small red-skinned pygmies called Tellem, who were the first to live and settle in the area. The Tellem pygmy tribe built their dwellings high up on the sides of cliffs and on the tops of mountains, and the remains can still be seen to this day. It is believed by the Dogon tribe that the Tellem must have been “aero-pygmies” gifted with the ability to fly in order to reach their dwellings built high up on the cliffs and mountains.<br />
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What we can surmise about the philosophy of the African Pygmies is that it was a philosophy which held a deep and profound respect for Nature. As a means to ensure their survival, the African Pygmies would have to observe nature in order to gain knowledge of nature, understand nature, and then make practical use of the nature knowledge for their survival and well-being. Based on this process, the Nature philosophy of the African Pygmy could be considered a spiritual Science. The African Pygmies had the ability to craft and create any tool or technology they needed for their survival and well-being. <br />
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Oral tradition amongst the Pygmy tribes of the Congo says that in Ancient Times, the Pygmies became so Highly Technologically advanced that they almost destroyed the entire forest, but the Pygmies realized they needed the forest to survive, so they decided that the highest form of technology, the highest form of wisdom, would be to learn how to live in tune with nature and the forest, and thus, they have lived what modern people see as a primitive life in the forest by choice ever since. They say “<i>Our society will die if the forest dies</i>”.<br />
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When the Anthropology of Religious Evolution and Development is studied, we find that Animism was the first and earliest spiritual system in the world. In many Animist traditions, the Ancestors are honored and revered, and as Animism gave way to Polytheism, the Ancestors also became deified. And thus, the progression from African Pygmy Ancestors, to African Pygmy Gods.<br />
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African Pygmies were present in Kemet, or Ancient Egypt, since the very beginning of the First Dynasty as can be seen on Narmer’s palette. In the Ancient Egyptian Language Medu Neter, the word for Pygmy or Dwarf was Deneg. African Pygmies, or Deneg, were also noblemen, craftsmen, and entertainers in Ancient Kemetic culture as is evident from the statues of Khnumhotep from the 5th Dynasty, and Seneb, a court official who lived during the 6th Dynasty. There were also several Ancient Kemetic deities or Neter who were Deneg, Pygmy Dwarves. The Ancient Egyptian deity Bes was also a Nubian deity, and was seen as a protector of households, mothers, and children. The Ancient Egyptian Neter Ptah was a deity of creation, craftsmen, and technology. There was also the Ancient Egyptian deity Patake, who was seen as a younger form of Ptah, and also as the synthesis of the deities Ptah, Sokar, and Ausar, symbolic of Creation, Stability, and Death. There were also the 7 Dwarves, Pygmy sons of Ptah called the seven Khnemu. <br />
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Pygmy Dwarfs also show up in African culture and mythology as both helper and tricksters throughout the continent. In the book “<i>Of Water and Spirit</i>” by Malidoma Patrice Somé, he speaks of magical dwarfs known as Kontomble to the Dagara people of Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, and Ghana in West Africa. The Kontomble are said to live in the forest, have the ability to appear and disappear, and have immense healing abilities. The Akan people of Ghana also tell stories of similar magical dwarfs who they refer to as Mmortia (Mmoatia). The Bwa people of Burkina Faso also tell stories of an ancient dwarf ancestor named Luruya who lived in the wilderness and had the ability to speak with the animals. In the Congo, they tell stories of dwarfs that they call Ogriwabibikwa (Obrigwabibikwa) who have the ability to shape shift into reptiles.<br />
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Perhaps over time, the stories of the craftsmanship, technology, and command and control over nature that the African Pygmy Dwarves had in antiquity, have turned into folklore tales about magical goblins, fairies, pixies, sprites, hobbits, leprechauns, and elves which have spread to the four corners of the earth. Who knew that such small people would have such a big impact on humanity?<br />
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Deneg, Bes, Ptah, Pataeke, Pataikos, Khnemu, 7 pygmy sons of Ptah, Tellem, Kontomble, Mmortia, Mmoatia, Luruya, Ogriwabibikwa, Obrigwabibikwa, Khnumhotep, Seneb, Perniankhu, San, Khoisan, Twa, Batwa, Mbuti, Aka, Bayaka, Negrito, Ati, Andamanese, Seman, Maniq, Aeta, Koro-pok-guru, Duende</div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarfs_and_pygmies_in_Ancient_Egypt">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarfs_and_pygmies_in_Ancient_Egypt</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/dwarfs.htm">http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/dwarfs.htm</a></div>
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African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-66515909072153272142017-08-06T15:53:00.003-04:002017-08-06T15:53:52.013-04:00African Vexillology - Are Red Black and Green Pan-African Colors?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexillology">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexillology</a><br />
<a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/vexillology/">https://www.reddit.com/r/vexillology/</a><br />
<a href="http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/flags/colors.shtml">http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/flags/colors.shtml</a><br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors</a><br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_flag">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_flag</a>African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-76275003056861413072017-07-07T10:36:00.001-04:002017-07-07T10:51:15.544-04:00Ifá Mathematics and Quantum Computing<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The <b>Ifá</b> Divination system, which originated in West Africa, utilizes a system of binary Mathematics to retrieve answers to life’s questions and solutions to life’s problems, from a book of knowledge called the <b>Odús of Ifá</b>. There are 16 major Odùs of Ifá, or “Books of Knowledge”, and within each book is contained 16 chapters, for a total of 256 chapters believed to reference all situations, circumstances, actions and consequences in life. <b>Orunmila</b>, the <b>Orisha</b> of knowledge, wisdom, and understanding, is the Orisha associated with Ifa divination system, and is identified as the Grand Priest of Ifá. Performing Ifa divination is done by a "Priest"/Mathematician called a <b>Babalawo</b>. The system of binary mathematics used by the Babalawo to select one of the Odús of Ifá occurs in this fashion. The Babalawo may uses a divining chain called an <b>Opele</b>, on which there are 8 cowry shells. The 8 cowry shells on the Opele chain are used as an 8-bit random number generator. In Computer science, 8 Bits, or Binary Digits, is called a Byte. The open side of a cowry shell on the Opele chain corresponds to binary digit of 1, and the closed side of a cowry shell on the Opele chain corresponds to a binary digit of 0. In binary mathematics and computer science, there are <b>2^8 = 256</b> different possible values that can be represented by 8 bits or 1 Byte. To randomly select one of the 256 values, the Babalawo throws the Opele chain in the air, allowing the 8 cowry shells are able to spin freely on the Opele chain. When the Opele chain lands on the ground, each cowry shell on the Opele chain would have landed with either the open side facing up, indicating a binary 1, or the closed side facing up, indicating a binary 0. The Babalawo then writes the 8 Bit binary number indicated on the Opele chain, in 2 4-bit columns on a wooden divination tray called <b>Opon Ifá</b>, and proceeds to read from the corresponding book.<br />
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Understanding how bits, or binary digits, are generated in the Ifá Divination system also provides us with an analogy to understand how <b>Qubits</b>, or Quantum Binary Digits, operate in Quantum computing. First we must understand that the word Quantum refers to the smallest quantity of something. In Quantum Physics, Quantum Particles are the subatomic particles, the smallest particles in nature: Quarks, Electrons, and Photons. Whereas classical computers use the flow of electrons, or electricity, in states of High and Low voltage to electronically create digital binary digits, Quantum Computers are able to use the quantum mechanical properties of the electron itself. As an electron spins, it creates a North and South dipole. The direction that an electron spins will determine which direction the electron’s north dipole is pointing. Let us use a single cowry shell on the Opele chain as an analogy for an electron, and let’s have the open side of a cowry shell represent the north dipole of an electron. As you can see, in three dimensional space, the north dipole of our cowry shell electron can have an infinite number of positions. Just as we previously defined before, the open side the cowry shell pointing up corresponds to a value of 1, and the closed side of the cowry shell pointing down corresponds to a value of 0. But as our cowry shell electron spins, it can also have an infinite number of statistical probability values that when it lands it will have a value of 0 or 1. While our cowry shell electron is spinning in the air, we can think of it as being in a quantum superposition state of both 0 and 1 at the same time, and we will not know its final value until it is measure, i.e. lands on the ground. Although it is somewhat paradoxical and counter-intuitive, this is the way Quantum Binary Digits, or Qubits work. Just like classical computer use Logic gates to create digital circuits which use Binary Digits, Quantum computers use <b>Quantum gates</b> to create <b>Quantum circuits</b> which use Qubits. Quantum computers utilize the infinite number of superposition states of an electron to perform parallel or simultaneous computing operations exponentially faster than classical computers, which improves the efficiency of processing and managing big data.<br />
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African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-15171833081121828922017-05-24T14:42:00.002-04:002017-05-24T14:44:26.485-04:00Woke vs Conscious<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Most people think that wakefulness and consciousness are synonyms. That is to say, we think that to be awake, is also to be conscious. While it is most common for consciousness and wakefulness to occur simultaneously, in cognitive science however, these two terms have important distinctive definitions. <br />
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Consciousness is the state of being awake and aware, able to perceive, receive, and process stimuli and information from one’s environment. When you go to sleep, this is an altered state of consciousness, with limited, to no ability, to perceive, receive, and process stimuli and information from one’s environment. When Neuroscientists study the EEG brain waves of a sleeping person, they find that during a night’s sleep, a portion of the time is spent in the waking state, even though the person is not fully conscious. Parasomnia disorders such as “sleep walking” or “sleep talking” are examples of instances where a person is in a waking state, but not fully conscious. Daydreaming is another example of a mental state where a person is awake, but not conscious of their immediate surroundings. Conversely, Sleep paralysis is a condition where the mind is awake and conscious, but the body is not awake and unable to become active. What we can take away from all this is that<br />
1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Consciousness and wakefulness commonly occur seemingly simultaneously<br />
2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Consciousness also requires one to be awake<br />
3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>It is possible to be awake but not conscious<br />
4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>It is possible to be conscious and mentally awake but not physically awake and active<br />
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The preceding deliberation served as a primer for our discussion on the terms “Woke” vs “Conscious” as it relates to African American English Vernacular.<br />
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The term “Consciousness” in the Black community has a long and storied history throughout Africa and the African diaspora, stemming back to the early 1900s, and has to do with an awareness of one’s black identity, and nonconformity to mainstream social, political, economic, religious, and spiritual constructs. The UNIA, Moorish Science Temple, Nation of Islam, 5 Percenters, Hebrew Israelites, Ausar Auset Society, Black Panther Party, SCLC, and BLM, are all examples of black conscious movements in America.<br />
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The term, “Woke,” is an idiom that has surfaced in recent years, essentially referring to the same concepts, precepts, and principles as “conscious”, but with more of a focus on social, political, and economic awareness. In recent years, the term “conscious” has become associated more with a focus on historical, cultural, religious and spiritual awareness. The Activism of someone “Woke,” tends to be of a social, political, and economic nature, whereas, the activism of someone “Conscious,” tends to be of a historical, cultural, religious or spiritual nature. If we were to retrospectively apply the new definitions and connotations that the terms “Woke” and “Conscious” have taken on in recent years, to the aforementioned groups, then we could classify the UNIA, Black Panther Party, SCLC, and BLM as “Woke,” and the Nation of Islam, 5 Percenters, Hebrew Israelites, and Ausar Auset Society as “conscious”.<br />
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After a multitude of scandals erupting in the Black Conscious Community in recent years, and many Black people feeling critical of, or unserved, underserved, or unrepresented by the modern Black Conscious Community, in some regard, “Woke,” seems like a re-branding of “Conscious”. In 2017, the difference in the socio-economic disposition of Black People willing to label themselves as “Woke” versus “Conscious” can also be observed. <br />
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But if “Woke” has become used to refer to more social, political, and economic awareness, and “Conscious” has become used to refer to more historical, cultural, religious and spiritual awareness, then just like in cognitive science, it is most common to be simultaneously “woke” and “conscious”, that is to say, having simultaneous affiliation and interest in organizations concerned with both social, political, and economic issues as well as historical, cultural, religious and spiritual issues. <br />
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Also, just like the concept of Sleep walking and Sleep Talking in cognitive science, it is possible to be “Woke” but not “Conscious”, that is to say, have affiliation with, and interest in, organizations primarily concerned with social, political, and economic issues, and having no affiliation with, or interest in, organizations concerned with historical, cultural, religious and spiritual issues. These individuals are aware of the social injustices in the world, but have no knowledge of their historical past or traditional systems of spirituality. <br />
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And lastly, just like the concept of Sleep Paralysis in Cognitive Science, it is possible to be “Conscious” but not totally “woke”, that is to say, having interest in historical, cultural, religious, and spiritual issues, and having no interest in social, political, and economic issues. These individuals are fully aware of their historical past, have “knowledge of self”, and practice some form of traditional spirituality, but have no concern or activism in regards to the social, political, or economic injustices in the world.<br />
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Who knows what new terms will emerge in future vernacular, or what new areas of awareness may come to the forefront. In the foreseeable future, “Scientific Awareness” may become a movement of its own. Essentially, “Woke” and “Conscious” are mental states, and the ultimate goal is to become Active, with an expression of one’s awareness demonstrated through practical application. <br />
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African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-31032048831883316862017-02-17T23:53:00.002-05:002017-02-17T23:53:32.178-05:00Dr. Théophile Obenga and Atomist Philosophy in Ancient EgyptThe following clips are from lectures given by Dr. Théophile Obenga where he discusses the Ancient Egyptian Origin of Atomist Philosophy. The points discussed in this lecture are expounded on more in his book entitled “African Philosophy: The Pharaonic Period: 2780-330 BC”. It is important to note that the Ancient Egyptian Atomist Philosophy dates back to roughly 2400 BC, almost 2000 years before the Greek Philosopher Democritus’s Atomist Philosophy. In the 2000 years since Democritus, Atomist Philosophy gave birth to Atomic Theory, and Atomic Theory gave birth to Electrical Technology.<br />
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Clip #1:<br />
So this is the wisdom, the foundation of wisdom, it came from Kemet. So in fact there was no Stolen Legacy, no, in antiquity they recognized...This is one of them too, He spent 5 years in Kemet studying, Who they call the “Father of Atomist Theory". He spent 5 years in Kemet studying there physics and what they call Nature.<br />
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Clip #2:<br />
Now the question that would arise is, “What would the Greeks learn in Egypt?” And that’s why I would like to expand on the principle elements of Egyptian philosophy. The main question really in all philosophical systems has always been, “What is?” That is to say, an explanation of the world in general. The Egyptian Philosophy postulates that you have a concept of a Nun in existence. The Nun comes before creation, Before God, Before Man, Before the Skies and the Earth, Before all that could have existed before the existence of the Earth…And this principle called Nun had been seen by the Egyptians as a concept of “water”, of aqueous liquid…Therefore the Nun is a state of the world, before the world, before the world came into being. And before the world came into being, as it is known today, existed a matter called Nun. But this Nun is already a pre-configuration of the dimensions of the world as it existed before. I’m reading here a Coffin Text now:<br />
"The Nun whose dimension is one of the heavens and whose length is one of the earth<br />
Therefore this primordial matter was widespread. But it was not organized."<br />
But another text of the temple of in Edfu, this is an Ancient Egyptian temple, it’s saying that everything was condensed in the Nun, and that the initial matter was inorganic, and that the Nun was condensed in one single form. <br />
Another Coffin Text says “I am Nun, I am the unique, I am without equal, I have created myself”<br />
But in this Nun, something will happen, RA, the symbol of intellect, For spirit and understanding, The symbol for intelligence, for superior intelligence, like the Nous described by Anaxagoras. And RA will come out of this primitive liquid through his own will and he will come out in a light all of the sudden.<br />
And the text says, In The Book of the Dead:<br />
“I am the Eternal, I am RA sprung from Nun, I am the master of the light”<br />
Therefore you see that the Egyptians take the principle of matter at the beginning, and it is from this matter that the demiurge will come from. In many explanations of the Genesis of the world, you have on the one hand, the God creator, and on the other hand, the matter that God is going to create,<br />
In the Bible for example, Elohim, because Elohim is a plural form in Hebrew, So it should be Gods in plural, but the Bible translates God in singular,<br />
So therefore you can see that in the Bible, God is separated from the being that he will create, In Plato’s Timaeus, the Demiurge is separated from the beings that he will create. Egypt postulates the existence of matter first, and from that matter will come out life. Therefore today’s debate between the contradiction of the debate of matter and spirit was unknown to the Egyptians. And if we continue to philosophize, maybe in the 21st century, we will come with a synthesis between matter and spirit, but such a synthesis was already present in the Egyptian philosophical system centuries ago. Therefore you will see that the first Philosophers in Greece, (Thales, Democritus, etc.)<br />
The first Greek philosophers will philosophize on the Nature of the Universe, Because the ideas that I just explained were already widespread in Ancient Egypt, In Memphis, Heliopolis, or Thebes, it was already taught in the schools of Higher Learning. And even the dead people, the mummies, you had on the cords that were used to mummify them, such references. Therefore, the Greek students present in Egypt were aware of such ideas. And that’s why one can say that the Greeks did not innovate compared to Ancient Egypt, because they refer to water, to air, to earth, and fire, as the main constituents, of their philosophical system, but this was already present in the Ancient Egyptian philosophical system.<br />
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This is a very brief explanation of a very important point in Egyptian philosophy. I would like to talk about existence, and how the Sun came into being, which is a very important philosophical point in the history of philosophy...<br />
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<br />African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-80497860866964732242016-05-14T13:55:00.000-04:002016-05-14T13:58:20.390-04:00Black Panther and African S.T.E.M. (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The story of Marvel comic’s <b>Black Panther</b> is an interesting fictional story which weaves together and draws on multiple fascinating factual elements found throughout various African cultures throughout time. Perhaps the most important of the facts and themes in the story of the Black Panther is the significance of <b>Metallurgy</b> and <b>Blacksmiths</b> in African culture, spiritual systems, and technological development.<br />
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<u>The Story of Black Panther and Wakanda</u><br />
10,000 years ago a <b>meteorite</b> comprised of a metal called <b>Vibranium</b> crashed on earth and landed in the country of <b>Wakanda</b> in <b>Northeastern Africa</b>. The crashed <b>Vibranium</b> created a <b>mountain</b>, or <b>mound</b>, which was discovered by the <b>Panther Tribe</b> in Wakanda who became the guardians of the <b>Vibranium mound</b>. <b>Bast</b> and <b>Sekhmet</b> are two of the feline deities of the Panther Tribe, and the King and protector of the Panther tribe is a warrior who holds the title of “<b>The Black Panther</b>”. The Black Panther also has a group of <b>female warriors</b> who serve as his personal bodyguards called the <b>Dora Milaje</b>. As guardians of the Vibranium metal mound, the Panther tribe became skilled <b>blacksmiths</b> and <b>metallurgist </b>in antiquity which translated into a highly technologically advanced and economically stable African country in the present day, where one of the major resources of the country of Wakanda is Vibranium. Because of their high level of advanced technology, Wakanda has never been conquered, colonized, or enslaved.<br />
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<u>Metal from the Sky </u><br />
The earliest known iron artifacts are 9 small beads, dated to 3200 BC, from Ancient Egypt in Northeast Africa, identified as <b>meteoric iron</b> shaped by careful hammering. This evidence shows the Ancient Africans in Egypt were the first to use Iron prior to the official start of the “Iron Age” in 1300 BC. The Ancient Egyptians called this Meteoric Iron “<b>BAA EN PET</b>” meaning “<b>iron of the sky</b>” or “<b>metal of Heaven</b>.” The Ancient Egyptian’s word for the <b>Blacksmith’s Forge</b> was “<b>Khepesh</b>”, and that same word was a homonym to the word for a scimitar sword shaped metal weapon casted in the forge, as well as to <b>the constellation of the Great Bear - Ursa Major</b>.<br />
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<u>The Iron King:</u><br />
The 7th Pharaoh of the Ancient Egypt’s 1st dynasty was named Anedjib Mer-ba-pen (spelled various in English as Merbiape, Meribiap, Merbapen, Miebîdós, and Mibampes) which literally meant “Lover of Iron”. Anedjib ruled around 2930 BC.<br />
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<u>African Blacksmiths </u><br />
Ancient Africans in Egypt who were Blacksmiths and Metallurgists had knowledge of several different types of Metals and Metal alloys as attested to in the Medu Neter from Ancient Egypt:<br />
<ul>
<li>Meteoric Iron - baa en pet</li>
<li>Iron - benpi</li>
<li>Gold - Nub</li>
<li>Silver - hetch</li>
<li>Copper - hemt</li>
<li>Tin, Lead - anak</li>
<li>Electrum - nub waas</li>
<li>Bronze - ut</li>
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The Medu Neter word for "<b>Blacksmith</b>" was <b>Mesen</b> (singular) and <b>Mesniu</b> (plural - the 7 mythic blacksmiths of Heru who made weapons). The <b>Medu neter</b> word <b>Mesen</b> may be related to the English word "<b>Mason</b>". The Mesniu are also called the <b>Heru-shemsu</b> (the <b>blacksmiths of Edfu</b>). Additionally, the word <b>Nebi</b> in Medu Neter meant "<b>to smlet, to work in metals</b>" and was also a homonym to the word <b>Nebi</b> or <b>Nebibi</b> meaning “<u><b>Leopard or Panther</b></u>”.<br />
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The Blacksmith deity in Ancient Egypt was <b>Ptah</b>, who represented the <b>Primordial Mound</b>, and he had two wives <b>Sekhmet</b> (Southern Egypt) and <b>Bast</b> (Northern Egypt) represented by Felines. The Ancient Egyptian Blacksmith deity Ptah’s son by Bast was the <b>Lion-Headed</b> deity of war named <b>Maahes</b>, who was called <b>Apedemak</b> in Nubia and Meroe. The “<b>Sem</b>” priests of Ptah (who were more scientists than "priests") were also <b>Blacksmiths</b> and <b>Metallurgists</b> who wore <b>Leopard Skins. </b>The wearing of <b>Leopard Skins</b> was also a custom of the <b>Nubians</b> of <b>Meroe</b>, and the Nubian Kingdom of <u><b>Meroe was huge Iron smelting capital</b></u>. It is important to know that <b>Panthers are Melanistic Leopards</b>.<br />
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Overtime, various<b> Leopard “Secret Societies”</b> who were also <b>Blacksmiths</b>, spring up across the African Continent:<br />
<ul>
<li>Ekpe - Nigeria (uses the Nsibidi script) </li>
<li>Abakuá - Cameroon and Nigeria</li>
<li>Anyoto Aniota - Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, and Nigeria</li>
<li>Leopard Society of Bassaland - Liberia (uses the Vai script)</li>
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In the books "<i>African Jungle Doctor</i>" by Werner Junge and "<i>Jungle Pilot in Liberia</i>" by Abe Guenter, an experience in Bassaland (Liberia) during the early to mid 1900s is described where reports were made about "Leopard Men" and people who would dress in Leopard skins and fashion and wear claws of steel with which they would use as weapons. Brass Metal rings called 'Dwin', 'tien' or 'nitien', meaning “water spirits”, or 'Gods of water' were forged by the blacksmiths of the tribes of Bassaland and left as offerings to the “Brass God” of the Leopard Men. The Kru and Grebo people believe these objects are living creatures that can be found in creeks, rivers and lagoons. These objects have shared interpretive meanings with the Dikenga from the African Congo, Thor’s spinning Hammer Fylfot (also called Swastika), and Ptah’s Hammer (the Djed, Ankh, and Waas).<br />
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Similar to the "Dwin - water spirits," the Mande, Bamana, and Dogon Blacksmiths of Mali tell stories of water Spirits called the <b>Nommo</b> who are <b>Blacksmiths of a Metal from the star Sirius called SAGALA</b>. The Mande Blacksmiths control a force called <b>Nyama</b>, which is synonymous with <b>Nyame</b> of the Akan people. An important Blacksmith ancestor in Akan culture is <b>Nana Adade Kofi</b>. The Mande Blacksmiths of Mali form Castes called <b>Nummu</b> which is phonetically similar to the <b>Nommo</b> water spirits spoken of by the Dogon Blacksmiths. One of the Nommo the Dogon Blacksmiths speak of is named <b>OGO</b>, who is synonymous with the <b>Orisha Blacksmith OGUN</b> in Nigeria. The Blacksmith culture in Nigeria has existed since 1000 BC with the <b>NOK</b> culture. The Blacksmith Orisha <b>Ogun</b> is called <b>GU</b> in the <b>Dahomey</b> culture of Benin. The <b>Blacksmith Ogun</b>, <b>OGO</b>, or <b>GU</b> is said to be married to the warrior <b>Orisha OYA</b>. The 19th century <b>Kingdom of Dahomey</b> (present day Benin) who were practitioners of the system of Vodun which ackknowledged <b>Oya</b>, developed <b>an all-female military regiment </b>who were an embodiment of the warrior Orisha <b>OYA</b>. This group of African Warrior Women had various names including N'Nonmiton or Mino (meaning "our mothers"), Ahosi (meaning King's wives), and Gbeto (meaning "Elephant Hunters"). European narratives referred to these women soldiers as Amazons. This “<b>warrior Queen</b>” characteristic found amongst the women of the Dahomey Kingdom was also found amongst the <b>Kandakes</b>, or <b>Candaces</b>, who ruled the <b>Nubian Iron smelting city of Meroe</b> (800 BC - 350 CE).<br />
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The Role of the Blacksmith has been central and integral to African Culture, Society, Spirituality, and Technology throught the ages, and the Leopard, Panther, or Feline has been one of the Symbols associated with African Blacksmiths since Ancient times<br />
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<br />African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-86913214241083478742016-04-08T20:18:00.001-04:002016-04-08T21:20:30.668-04:00Heka - Magic or Engineering<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<u><b>Magic</b></u> is defined as the art of producing a desired result through the use of various techniques, such as special words or certain actions, which are perceived as supernatural powers, and presumably give the impression of human control over the forces of nature. It’s important to note, that within the definition of the word “magic”, when the attribute of “supernatural” is applied to the words or actions which produce the desired result, it is based on the perception and presumption of the observer and onlooker. <br />
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<u><b>Magical Thinking</b></u> is the attribution of causal relationships between actions and events which cannot be justified by reason and observation. In religion and superstition, “<i>magical thinking</i>” looks for meaningful relationships and correlations between rituals, prayers, sacrifices, or other traditional practices, to some event occurring in the natural world. However, Magical Thinking is a type of causal logical fallacy, and <b>Magical thinking is diametrically opposed to Scientific Thinking</b>. That is to say, without knowing the details of the method, without knowing the specifics of the process, without knowing the engineering algorithm, mathematical formula, or scientific procedure which goes into the production a certain result, the observer, in the search for an explanation, may qualify the production of the result as “<i>Magic</i>”. This notion is embodied by the famous quote from the futurist Arthur C. Clarke, which states: "<b><i>Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic</i></b>.” Indeed, since Engineering is the application of scientific knowledge to produce machines, tools, systems, and technology which facilitate the control over certain aspects of nature, then naturally, the analogy between magic and engineering is a plausible extension. What differentiates Magic from Engineering is whether or not an observer is informed of, or ignorant of, the process that goes into creating a certain outcome. An individual informed of the science which goes into the production of a certain outcome will likely qualify the production of said outcome as engineering, while an individual uninformed of the science which goes into the production of a certain outcome will likely qualify the production of said outcome as magic.<br />
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So when we consider the Ancient and traditional practices of Africans, on the continent and in the diaspora, which are qualified as “magic” by outsiders observing the culture, we have to take a second look at those same practices from an insider’s perspective to know if those practices are truly viewed as “magic” or “engineering” within the context of the culture. This has been one of the many aims of the African Creation Energy series of books, to show the relationship between African Philosophies and Theologies to Scientific Theories, to show the relationship between African Symbolism and Myth to Modern Math, to show how African Artifacts, statues, and relics are related to technology, and to show how the African practices and techniques such as Vodoun, Hoodoo, and Ifa, which are relegated to the realm of “magic” by the uninitiated, should be in fact viewed as engineering within the context of those disciplines. <br />
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A perfect case study which speaks to this point is the concept known as “<u><b>Heka</b></u>” from the culture of Ancient Kemet (Egyptian). The word <b>Heka</b> is from the Medu Neter language of Ancient Kemet and is often translated as meaning “<b>magic, spell, sorcery, charm, incantation, and words of power</b>”. However, we know that Heka was also considered a deity who was the patron of medicine and healing, and the doctors and healers in Ancient Kemet was called “<b>priests of Heka</b>”. Since the earliest Medical text in the world come from the culture of Ancient Kemet, and these papyrus also provided detailed steps of the scientific method, then we must recognize that within the context of the culture of Ancient Kemet, Heka was viewed from a scientific perspective rather than from a “Magical” perspective. Heka is also translated as meaning “<b>to activate the Ka</b>.” S,o if we consider that Heka is a scientific concept, then we would also have to investigate the concept of the <u><b>Ka</b></u>, which is often translated as meaning “spirit”, to see if there is some scientific association with the Ka as well (for example an electrical phenomena which serves as an “<i><b>animating spark</b></i>”). Heka was also used to describe the process of sculpting or carving a statue, writing hieroglyphics, and building a structure. In the medu neter language of Ancient Kemet, Heka was used as both a noun and a verb: Heka was something you could do, or Heka was something you could be. Similarly, in English, the word Engineer is both a noun and a verb: you can Engineer a new invention, or you can be an Engineer. It may be that outside observers to the culture of Ancient Kemet who were ignorant of the process and methodology of Heka, may have viewed it, understood it, and translated it as “Magic”, but clearly within the context of the culture of Ancient Kemet, Heka was used to refer to practices akin to Biomedical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Materials Engineering, and Structural Engineering. Hence, Heka was an Ancient African form of Engineering.<br />
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Contrary to popular opinion, there is such a thing as “<u><b>African Science</b></u>” and there is such a thing as “<u><b>African Engineering</b></u>”. Just like there is such a thing as “European Science” or “German Engineering”. No one would argue that there is no such thing as “African Art” or “European Art” or “African Language” or “European Language” or “African Food” or “European Food”. What makes the Art, Language, Food, Clothing, Music, or Philosophy “African”, “European”, or otherwise, is the group of people who develop it. What makes the Science or Engineering “African” or “European” or otherwise, is determined by the person or group of people who develop the scientific theories and engineering methodologies. How many people have ever watched a Mercedes Benz commercial, or a Volkswagen commercial, which boast about “the power of German Engineering” and then said, “There’s no such thing as German Engineering”? - I would wager to guess very few to none. But when we discuss “African Science” and “African Engineering”, we get choruses of people saying “There’s no such thing as African Science and African Engineering”! One of the reasons for this is because the vast majority of people have been convinced that many of the African Sciences are just African Myth and African Magic.<br />
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Unfortunately, over the years as Africans on the continent and in the diaspora have been subject to slavery and colonization, we have lost much of our traditional knowledge, and now our Sciences have become Theology and Religion, our Symbols for Math have become mere Myth, our Technologies have become mere fetishes, trinkets, and lucky charms, and our Engineering has been degraded down to mendacious Magic. So we cry out as a people looking for answers, looking for results, looking for solutions to the problems which we encounter in life, and gravitate towards anything which seems like it may effect a change. Now, void of our traditional knowledge and desiring quick and easy solutions, Magical thinking has become the order of the day, more prevalent than scientific thinking, while our problems perpetuate, and the world laughs at the new stereotype which they have attributed to us. Let us return to our traditional African Scientific way of life. <u><i><b> Let us use our minds to discover the Science to accept things we cannot change, Technology to Engineer the things we can, and the Mathematics to know the difference.</b></i></u>African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-47882358930171958582015-12-23T08:11:00.002-05:002015-12-23T08:11:09.092-05:00African Monkey Gods<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>African Monkeys – From Divine to Disparaging:</b><br />A Traditional African Perspective on Monkeys Prior to Slavery and Colonization</div>
<br />If I were to call you an “<i><b>African Lion</b></i>,” you would probably take this comment as a compliment, as a metaphor symbolizing bravery, courage, and ferocity. If I were to call you an "<i><b>African Rhino</b></i>", you would probably take it as a compliment about your size and strength. I have heard of women who are supermodels referred to as “<i><b>African Gazelles</b></i>” as a way to compliment their grace and beauty. I have heard “<i>Conscious</i>” people refer to themselves as “<i><b>Nagas</b></i>” and embrace the qualities and characteristics of <b>African snakes</b> and <b>reptiles</b>. Even the qualities of the “<i><b>African Elephant</b></i>” such as size, strength, and excellent memory, are viewed fondly, so much so that even the South African King <b>Shaka Zulu</b> would refer to himself as the "<b>Great Elephant</b>”. But, if I were to call you an “<b>African Monkey</b>”, this remark would most likely be perceived as a derogatory insult, and taken as a sign of disrespect.<br />
<br />However, the disdain and contempt that many African-Americans have towards African Monkeys seems to be the result of slavery, colonization, and socialization at the hands of other than "self and kind". Since African-Americans were disparagingly compared to Apes and Monkeys in America and Europe, Black people have now grown to hate the monkey. However, in traditional African cultures which existed prior to the influence of white people, Apes and monkeys were held in high esteem. Observing all the creatures in Nature, Apes and Monkeys were seen as one of the most intelligent animals, and so Apes and Monkeys became anthropomorphic symbols of wisdom. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTD-ZCpIijSBKvFQe3Cv5YJryRI24JGPrdfE6GYD-BBDJx5anVG1JC-8759qMSnw64mSXbUAC80_K6zVZQTI1qJsjvJ0d4cGLsUV77M719U6c6lQQp1EapwDjzLvN2TFev6qruCETXVb0a/s1600/07.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTD-ZCpIijSBKvFQe3Cv5YJryRI24JGPrdfE6GYD-BBDJx5anVG1JC-8759qMSnw64mSXbUAC80_K6zVZQTI1qJsjvJ0d4cGLsUV77M719U6c6lQQp1EapwDjzLvN2TFev6qruCETXVb0a/s320/07.png" width="320" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGto08C6S-Xb0SMLN6tBAqRyTtoO9FH4Y6JLsL3ZuqILiAnN8rRcAjCIs9vO0tHayYCrlncoHAXrSWak8FRi51Zb9MXWTvKy9qCTc3vYFBd7BSfelw_cstcT1B9B1B2aSQcyxs-B_6qN9p/s1600/11.png" imageanchor="1"></a><br />
This is why in the Disney film “<b>The Lion King</b>”, the character who was the symbol of wisdom was that of <b>Rafiki</b>, the baboon. In Swahili, the word “Rafiki” means friend, and the wise baboon Rafiki in the <b>Lion King</b> movie, was based on the baboon depiction of the Ancient Egyptian god of wisdom <b>Djehuti</b>, <b>Tehuti</b>, or <b>Thoth</b>. <br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEqo1L19rSrTtLb8Ne_2ikJWltJMvE-6M5fpk-qhrgJVP9O-fiafLBCFfD2e2L8Lw5NVCXQomvRxJG46h29CyXJ_W5bHbmI3GNxe35wlh0uoNOhGs_Vg7EfVFufub7MuN3i24bICkUW3zD/s1600/10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEqo1L19rSrTtLb8Ne_2ikJWltJMvE-6M5fpk-qhrgJVP9O-fiafLBCFfD2e2L8Lw5NVCXQomvRxJG46h29CyXJ_W5bHbmI3GNxe35wlh0uoNOhGs_Vg7EfVFufub7MuN3i24bICkUW3zD/s320/10.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Rafiki from the Lion King Movie</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Many people know <b>Djehuti</b> to be depicted with the head of an Ibis bird, but another frequent depiction of <b>Djehuti</b> is in the form of a <b>Baboon</b> because the Ancient Africans in Egypt saw the Baboon as a very intelligent animal.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOYNVJnRF-1JYxRDxGNM5i0CGiRk6fBTnpkdep-_Y5xM25qJ35K0DN6sd8GrnRwiBY8B8eh3rN1V-O6zeYBxlaGJjvIjKMJpOmblBH3dCWWVycifAlhEclWHGxxFp7JYaMcRU7bafp9td5/s1600/thotheyeofra.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOYNVJnRF-1JYxRDxGNM5i0CGiRk6fBTnpkdep-_Y5xM25qJ35K0DN6sd8GrnRwiBY8B8eh3rN1V-O6zeYBxlaGJjvIjKMJpOmblBH3dCWWVycifAlhEclWHGxxFp7JYaMcRU7bafp9td5/s320/thotheyeofra.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Djehuti Depicted with the Head of an Ibis Bird and as a Baboon</b></td></tr>
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Despite slavery and colonization, the traditional African stories which used Monkeys as Nature symbols of wisdom and intelligence made it into African-American folk tales such as the story of the “<b>Signifying Monkey</b>” made popular by Rudy Raymore from the movie Dolemite. The story of the “Signifying Monkey” tales of how a Monkey was able to use his intelligence to manipulate and outsmart a lion and an elephant. However<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOYNVJnRF-1JYxRDxGNM5i0CGiRk6fBTnpkdep-_Y5xM25qJ35K0DN6sd8GrnRwiBY8B8eh3rN1V-O6zeYBxlaGJjvIjKMJpOmblBH3dCWWVycifAlhEclWHGxxFp7JYaMcRU7bafp9td5/s1600/thotheyeofra.jpg" imageanchor="1"></a>, many people do not know that the story of the “Signifying Monkey” is derived from the trickster figure of Yoruba mythology, <b>Eshu, Elegba, </b>or<b> Eleggua</b>, the <b>God of the crossroads</b> who is an intermediary between man and the Orisha ancestors. Eshu is mentioned in the Yoruba Chant “Bara suayo” in the line “<i><b>Obbara suayo eke eshu oddara</b></i>”<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-RmJE7UlVYZ7mT50PjirltxyNaNe8mnQfcONxljYJT0r5Ljjgn-4Jf9aXdJNP0p1v8swuPduERKQ1OeMzm0fsk0kaW0I0o6vhS3zeUAG0piG6DbeuPoVtWJo1AjiRLqjNosj36VPCrqg/s1600/51dC7axCG4L._SY344_BO1%252C204%252C203%252C200_.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-RmJE7UlVYZ7mT50PjirltxyNaNe8mnQfcONxljYJT0r5Ljjgn-4Jf9aXdJNP0p1v8swuPduERKQ1OeMzm0fsk0kaW0I0o6vhS3zeUAG0piG6DbeuPoVtWJo1AjiRLqjNosj36VPCrqg/s320/51dC7axCG4L._SY344_BO1%252C204%252C203%252C200_.jpg" width="212" /></a><br /><br />
The role of Monkeys as guardians of the crossroads or gateways to the Ancestors can also be found in the God <b>Ghekre</b> or <b>Gbekre</b> of the <b>Baule</b> people of the <b>Ivory Coast</b>. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9XNiFiyOCJa8C7e7-O-OT7OIOdn6c9ZKC99ZXPckcOhtdl4ed1eiekrXnDs58a0m4pT1dwfnne4Hl3lQoZ3f1mJAPb3BauNVBGfw6kuTMD7aRGkQGQJnzz51Z4vECXEu-KjbIjwGmlAtS/s1600/Ghekre+or+Gbekre+.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9XNiFiyOCJa8C7e7-O-OT7OIOdn6c9ZKC99ZXPckcOhtdl4ed1eiekrXnDs58a0m4pT1dwfnne4Hl3lQoZ3f1mJAPb3BauNVBGfw6kuTMD7aRGkQGQJnzz51Z4vECXEu-KjbIjwGmlAtS/s320/Ghekre+or+Gbekre+.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Different forms of Ghekre or Gbekre, the African Monkey God of the Baule people of the Ivory Coast</b></td></tr>
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The Ivory Coast Monkey God Ghekre is said to be a judge of the souls of the dead, and is connected in appearance and function to the Ancient Egyptian God <b>A'ani</b>, the <b>god of equilibrium</b>, who is depicted as a monkey and can be seen on top of the scales of ma’at in the famous “weighing of the heart” scene from the “<b>papyrus of ani</b>”. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9vPz560q0tDrUQwqSqjdgLFD-Rq-UhgVeV4mPaMh0OC9hvVlUFsueFxItvu8G7oSqa6Zdx837cFHsXbzaaMo9yEoQXludQMbn3yXzjJpa9S4NsV56gMi22VOpazLt6-jp21EX5lC3nB4r/s1600/15.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9vPz560q0tDrUQwqSqjdgLFD-Rq-UhgVeV4mPaMh0OC9hvVlUFsueFxItvu8G7oSqa6Zdx837cFHsXbzaaMo9yEoQXludQMbn3yXzjJpa9S4NsV56gMi22VOpazLt6-jp21EX5lC3nB4r/s400/15.png" width="400" /></a> </div>
In addition to Thoth and A’ani, other important Monkey Gods in Ancient Egypt include Hapi, as son of Heru depicted with the head of a Baboon. And also <b>Babi, Baba</b>, or <b>Bebon</b>, the “<i><b>Alpha Male</b></i>” baboon god of virility. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieNk454XE8opX733lbG9228dWrPO_j30eRM6kO1svVtPkVCrouqs7CMoEW7lFtU4bWmOlBAj7rRZYcNzsTo2Jcld1J9UJzsDHm5YUUe9kJhmRMF8YxGPMyCUktqb3qzZojI0ix7wqx0bYP/s1600/baba.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieNk454XE8opX733lbG9228dWrPO_j30eRM6kO1svVtPkVCrouqs7CMoEW7lFtU4bWmOlBAj7rRZYcNzsTo2Jcld1J9UJzsDHm5YUUe9kJhmRMF8YxGPMyCUktqb3qzZojI0ix7wqx0bYP/s320/baba.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0000ee;"><b>Babi or Baba - "The Alpha Male" Ancie<span style="color: #0000ee;">nt Egyptian Monkey God of Virility</span></b><u><br /></u></span></td></tr>
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The name of Baba is suggested to be the etymological origin of the English word Baboon and the Arabic word “Baba” which means father. Which is why it should not be surprising that the first Pharaoh of Egypt, King Narmer, the Baba or Father of the First Ancient Egyptian Dynasty, was depicted as a Baboon known as Hez-Ur as part of his rejuvenation festival.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWcH9lHYdUpNH_achYGebdUeFaytm8Ep-Q784VyzS-e4q_W3IILkuTnRDOsfMq_W0UJa8cwK-J2oyWR5iSHSEnO8G_PCxVk9BM5dAvsKb_0QWDHmYmhsNCPA7mbPsmP1OF8tKObP9QnYV8/s1600/800px-BaboonDivityBearingNameOfPharaohNarmerOnBase.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWcH9lHYdUpNH_achYGebdUeFaytm8Ep-Q784VyzS-e4q_W3IILkuTnRDOsfMq_W0UJa8cwK-J2oyWR5iSHSEnO8G_PCxVk9BM5dAvsKb_0QWDHmYmhsNCPA7mbPsmP1OF8tKObP9QnYV8/s320/800px-BaboonDivityBearingNameOfPharaohNarmerOnBase.png" width="199" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #0000ee;">Ancient E<span style="color: #0000ee;">gyptian </span>Baboon Divity Bearing the Name Of Pharaoh Narmer On Base</span></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In EA Wallis Budge’s <i><b>Hieroglyphic Dictionary</b></i>, there are over 40 different Monkey or Primate Gods mentioned by Name. In Ancient Egypt, Monkeys were both Solar and Lunar deities. Remember, The root of the word Primate, is Prime, which means first, chief, excellent, and best. So like your African Ancestors, it is important to embrace all of nature’s qualities, characteristics, and creatures. <br /><br />
<u>List of Ancient Egyptian Ape or Monkey Gods mentioned is EA Wallis Budge’s Hieroglyphic Dictionary: </u><br />
01. Aani - the ape-god (page 2)<br />02. Aaanu - the Ape-god Thoth (page 2)<br />03. Aasten - one of the 8 ape-gods of the company of Thoth, chief of the other seven (page 25)<br />04. Aaau - the ape gods who prased Ra (page 28)<br />05. Aanait - ape-goddess (page 29)<br />06. Auf - a dog-headed ape-god (page 34)<br />07. Afa - an ape-god gatekeeper (page 43)<br />08. Af-ermen-ari-f - an ape-headed associated of Thoth (page 43)<br />09. Afu-heri-khent-f - an ape-headed god with a knife-shaped phallus (page 43)<br />10. Amiu-hetut - the apes that sing to the rising sun (page 47)<br />11. Ami-kar - a singing ape-god (page 48)<br />12. Anhetut - the singing ape-gods (page 63)<br />13. Aa - and ape-god who slew Apep (page 113)<br />14. Aanau - the four ape-gods who judged the dead (page 114)<br />15. Asheb - an ape-headed warrior-goddess (page 138)<br />16. Uatch-au-mut-f - an ape-headed keeper of the 9th hour of the night (page 151)<br />17. Up - an ape-god of Edfu (page 162)<br />18. Usten - an ape-god (page 184)<br />19. Utennu - an ape-god, "the copyist" of Thoth (page 191)<br />20. Baiu-aabtiu - the ape gods who sang at dawn when the sun had risen; (page 198)<br />21. Ba-ta - an ape-god (page 199)<br />22. Banti - a dog headed ape-god (page 213)<br />23. Benti - a singing ape-god (page 219)<br />24. Benti-ari-ahe-t-f - an ape-god (page 219)<br />25. Benti - Isis and Nephthys in ape form (page 219)<br />26. Besi - a singing ape-god (page 222)<br />27. Betnu - dog-headed apes (page 227)<br />28. Patheth - a singing ape-god (page 233)<br />29. Peri-em-thet-f - an ape-headed warrior god (page 241)<br />30. Maa-en-Ra - an ape-god door-keeper (page 267)<br />31. Maa-tef-f - an ape-headed god, a grandson of Horus; (page 268)<br />32. Mbentiu - the apes in the 1st division of the Tuat (page 296)<br />33. Mhettut - the ape-gods who sang to Ra at dawn (page 316)<br />34. Mesen - an ape-headed fire-god (page 325)<br />35. Nether Rethnu - an ape-god with a star (page 408)<br />36. hit - a dog-headed ape (page 444)<br />37. Hethti - one of the 9 singing ape-gods (page 452)<br />38. Hett - one of the 4 ape-gods who slew Apep (page 452)<br />39. Heri-sha-f - an ape-god (page 498)<br />40. Heru-Neb-Au-Ab - an ape-god (page 502)<br />41. Heken-em-benf - a singing ape-god (page 516)<br />42. Khensu-sa-Tekhit - an ape-god, a form of Thoth (page 553)<br />43. Khenti-she-f - an ape god (page 557)<br />44. Sa - an ape-god, a foe of Apep (page 586)<br />African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-8168429302920324842015-11-19T20:14:00.004-05:002015-11-29T15:37:28.267-05:00Egyptian Light Bulb - PLAUSIBLE<div style="text-align: center;">
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<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OLLtj_xnEKo/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OLLtj_xnEKo?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<b>A Discussion on the Plausibility of the Dendera Lights as a form of Ancient Electrical Engineering Technology </b></div>
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by Prophessor A.C.E. </div>
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(<a href="http://africancreationenergy.com/">AfricanCreationEnergy.com</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
November 12, 2015 </div>
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<u><b>Contents:</b></u><u><b> </b></u><br />
1. Statement of Purpose<br />
2. Introduction<br />
3. The African Origin of Atomic Philosophy<br />
4. Translations of the Text of the Dendera Lights<br />
5. What We Learn from the Translations of the Text<br />
6. Comparative Analysis <br />
7. Addressing Misinformation<br />
8. Conclusion<br />
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<u><b>1. Statement of Purpose:</b></u><br />
The purpose of this presentation is:<br />
<ol>
<li>To show that the Ancient Egyptian reliefs known as the "<b>Dendera Lights</b>" fit in with the expected chronology of time it would take to develop electrical technology based on the point in time when it is said by preeminent scholars like <b>George G.M. James</b> and <b>Theophile Obenga </b>that the Ancient Egyptians had a philosophy of the atom. </li>
<li>To show that based on translations of the texts, the components depicted and described in the Medu Neter hieroglyphics associated with the "<b>Dendera Lights</b>" correspond symbolically, metaphorically, and in meaning and function, to the components needed to build a cathode ray tube electrical light source.</li>
<li>To present a Historical argument for the <u><b>Plausibility</b></u> (neither debunked, nor confirmed) of the Dendera Lights as an Ancient Egyptian Electrical Light source. And, to demonstrate in <b>practical application</b> that since the Dendera Lights can be built using items and terms corresponding to the components described in the Medu Neter hieroglyphics of the text, then the Dendera Lights serve as a tool that can be operatively used to teach certain principles of Electrical Engineering in <b>African Centered Educational (A.C.E.)</b> settings using African symbology.</li>
<li>To address the <b>misinformation</b> that has been disseminated on this topic to date.</li>
</ol>
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<u><b>2. Introduction (from Atomic Philosophy, to Technology Based on Atomic Philosophy): </b></u><br />
Let us initiate the discussion by presenting a time-line of key Electrical-Engineering accomplishments which are relevant to our discussion:<br />
<ul>
<li>450 BC - Democritus develops philosophy of the atom</li>
<li><i>250 BC - Baghdad Battery* - a primitive battery discovered in Mesopotamia</i></li>
<li>1802 AD - Chemist Humphry Davy's Electric Light Bulb</li>
<li>1869 AD - William Crooke’s Cathode Ray Tube</li>
<li>1897 AD - J.J. Thomson “discovers” empirical evidence of the atom and the electron through his work with the Cathode Ray Tube.</li>
</ul>
<br />
With the exception of the "<i>250 BC Baghdad Battery</i>", all of the points on timeline presented above are generally accepted as valid in academia and by mainstream science. However, although the Baghdad Battery is considered controversial as an actual primitive battery, popular scientific television shows like <b>Mythbusters</b> on their season 03 episode entitled "<i>Cooling a Six-pack</i>" concluded that it was <b>PLAUSIBLE</b> that the <i>Baghdad Battery</i> was used in Ancient times for electroplating, acupuncture therapy, and testing spiritual resolve ("experiencing god"). The fact that there has been a significant effort to deem the <i><b>Mesopotamia Baghdad Battery</b></i> as a "Plausible" form of ancient technology, while simultaneously disseminating misinformation about the <b>Egyptian Dendera Lights</b> in an effort to "debunk" the plausibility or possibility of Ancient African Technology, is part of a greater agenda that can be observed in the field of archaeological which attempts to promote <b>Ancient Mesopotamia</b> over <b>Ancient Egypt</b>. Historical pundits will say that Ancient Mesopotamia is the "<i>cradle of civilization</i>" even though the civilizations along the Ancient Egyptian Nile River Valley are older. Linguistic pundits will say that the Ancient Mesopotamian <b>cuneiform</b> writing is older than the Ancient Egyptian <b>Medu Neter</b> Hieroglyphics. Architectural pundits will say that the oldest Mesopotamian <b>Ziggurat</b> is older than the oldest Ancient Egyptian <b>Pyramid</b>. And now, technological pundits will try to say that the Baghdad Battery is Plausible, and the Dendera Lights have been "debunked". Unfortunately, many of the older arguments presented by personalities like von Däniken, Krassa, and Habeck to justify the interpretation of the Dendera Lights as a form of Ancient Technology, were based on a shaky foundation. However, as we will show later in this presentation, the argument to "debunk" the Dendera Lights as a form of Ancient Technology was also fallacious. This presentation will demonstrate that the criteria to deem the Dendera Lights as a "<b>Plausible</b>" form of Ancient Technology is equal to, if not greater than, any of the criteria used to deem the Baghdad Battery as Plausible. <br />
<br />
From the timeline of Electrical Engineering accomplishments above, it is important to note the <b>2347 year gap</b> between <b>Democritus’ "Atomist philosophy"</b> (450 BC) and the <b>Empirical Evidence of the atom and the electron</b> made possible by the technological device called the <b>Cathode Ray Tube</b> (1897 AD). This is important because it provides a benchmark of how much time it took to develop "technology based on the philosophy of the atom".<br />
<br />
Additionally, since the "technology based on the philosophy of the atom" which led to discovering empirical evidence of the atom was the Cathode Ray Tube, we want to describe the components, construction, and function of a <b>Cathode Ray Tube</b>.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIezuwyDyNtLbnAz2KwCroQGqWJ2vsCheNqLeP8-pnS5M_Uc33e9Tzp_7bI8BRvFj4Nckkq4cWmRvdrQidsdlNETumTsLYzDKGE6oO2FBeeD7ipBuja-TicrSG3ApmjM226EnCy5nDRxj0/s1600/Crookes_tube_diagram+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIezuwyDyNtLbnAz2KwCroQGqWJ2vsCheNqLeP8-pnS5M_Uc33e9Tzp_7bI8BRvFj4Nckkq4cWmRvdrQidsdlNETumTsLYzDKGE6oO2FBeeD7ipBuja-TicrSG3ApmjM226EnCy5nDRxj0/s200/Crookes_tube_diagram+copy.png" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 1: Cathode Ray Tube</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Figure 1 above depicts a schematic of a <b>Cathode Ray Tube</b>. The basic components needed to construct a Cathode Ray Tube are:<br />
<ul>
<li>a glass container, either evacuated to produce a vacuum, or filled with inert gas</li>
<li>a Power Supply source</li>
<li>two metal objects, one leading from the Cathode end of the Power source into the Glass Container, and one leading from the Anode end of the power source </li>
</ul>
When voltage is applied across the two metal electrodes, a beam of electrons called a "Cathode Ray" can be observed streaming from the cathode, through the glass container, to the anode. It is important to note that regardless if the device is constructed with the anode inside of the glass container, or outside touching the glass container, and the stream of electrons can still be observed traveling through the container from the cathode to the anode. In addition to the Electron Beam, the glass begins to light up and glow, due to electrons traveling inside the glass. Electric light bulbs operate on principles similar to the Cathode Ray Tube.<br />
<br />
<u><b>3. The African Origin of Atomic Philosophy</b></u><br />
Scholars like <b>Martin Bernal</b> with his book “<i><b>Black Athena</b></i>”, <b>Théophile Obenga</b> in his book “<i><b>African Philosophy : The Pharaonic Period : 2780 - 330 BC</b></i>”, <b>Cheikh Anta Diop</b> in his book “<i><b>Civilization or Barbarism</b></i>”, and <b>George G.M. James</b> in his book “<i><b>Stolen Legacy</b></i>” have shown and proven that Greek philosophy had it’s origins in Ancient Egypt. In particular, as it relates to our discussion, <b>Democritus’ philosophy of the Atom</b>, came from the <b>Ancient Egyptian philosophy associated with the Neter (deity) Atum</b>. Additionally, Democritus’ philosophy that atoms fill space as the <b>Mind (nous)</b> or <b>World Soul</b> is derived from the <b>Ancient Egyptian Memphite Theology of Ptah</b>. The earliest empirical evidence of the Ancient Egyptian Neter (deity) Atum dates back to around <b>2400 BC in the Pyramid texts</b>. Atum is mentioned many times throughout the Pyramid Texts and Ptah is mentioned only 3 times vaguely in the Pyramid Texts. The earliest empirical evidence of the <b>Memphite Theology of Ptah</b> dates back to around <b>700 BC</b> on an artifact known as the <b>Shabaka Stone</b>.<br />
<br />
A comparative analysis of the content of the <b>Memphite Theology of Ptah </b>and the philosophy associated with the <b>Ancient Egyptian Neter (deity) Atum</b> to our modern scientific <b>Big Bang Theory Cosmology</b> shows striking similarities. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik4VKIMqF27UfdIQIM6cUIgzF0QhAJl0L83Tn2Ge0j_0mauong3jA0BucukHMgS6ZnR-dJbKFh4LSSNWSTYPyIzF-wcVRzNVd6do9nerWTs6VUtJc595Rpvp77ghUKKQocaP_QP3HzYakL/s1600/Kemetic+Cosmology.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik4VKIMqF27UfdIQIM6cUIgzF0QhAJl0L83Tn2Ge0j_0mauong3jA0BucukHMgS6ZnR-dJbKFh4LSSNWSTYPyIzF-wcVRzNVd6do9nerWTs6VUtJc595Rpvp77ghUKKQocaP_QP3HzYakL/s640/Kemetic+Cosmology.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 2: Ancient Egyptian Cosmology Compared to Modern Big Bang Theory Cosmology</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In the graphical representation of Ancient Egyptian cosmology in Figure 2 above, what we observe is that the Ancient Egyptian concept of <b>Zep Tepi</b>, often translated as meaning "<i><b>the first time</b></i>", corresponds to the "<b>big bang</b>" which initiated creation in our modern scientific cosmology. Next, on line 1 of Figure 2 above, the Ancient Egyptian concept of <b>Nun</b> corresponds to the “<b>primordial waters</b>”, the <b>primordial hot and dense state</b> which existed immediately after the big bang. It is important to note that the Ancient Egyptian conceptualization of the cosmogony of the Universe as “<b>primordial water</b>” is one of the reasons why the Ancient Egyptians depicted celestial objects like suns and star constellations on metaphorical “<b>solar boats</b>” and “<b>stellar boats</b>” moving through the cosmos, because the “<b>primordial water</b>” was symbolic of the <b>ocean of primordial subatomic matter</b> from which suns and stars were created. On line 2 of Figure 2 above, we see two variants which exist in Ancient Egyptian Cosmology: on the left is the Primordial Mound, associated with the Ancient Egyptian Neter (deity) Ptah which is found in the Memphite Theology, and on the right is the Primordial Lotus which is found in the Heliopolitan Theology. Variations of symbols is something that can be observed over time and in different locations in the study of Ancient Egyptian cosmology, however, even when the symbols (variables) change, the context of the overall cosmology generally remains constant. In both variations, the Primordial Mound (Ptah) and the Primordial Lotus rise from the primordial waters of Nun, and correspond to the point where energy is converted into subatomic particles (quarks and electrons) in our modern scientific cosmology of the big bang theory. On line 3 of Figure 2 above, the Neter (deity) Atum as Nefertum, symbolized as a young man, comes forth from either the Primordial Mound or the Primordial Lotus, depending on the variant of the cosmology, and corresponds with the point where Atoms are formed in our modern scientific cosmology of the big bang theory. It is important to note that not only is there a phonetic and etymological relationship between the word "Atom" and the Ancient Egyptian "Atum", but they also come into being at the same points in the Ancient Egyptian Cosmology and the Cosmology associated with the Big Bang Theory. On line 3 of Figure 2 above, Atum becomes Atum-Re, symbolic of the Sun and stars, and corresponds to the point where suns and stars are formed in our modern scientific cosmology of the big bang theory. On line 5 of Figure 2 above, Atum-Re gives birth to 8 other beings, who collectively make up the Ancient Egyptian Ennead, and this corresponds to the point where the Sun gives birth to the 8 other planets of our solar system in our modern scientific cosmology of the big bang theory. It is important to note that everything on line 3 and below in Figure 2 is Atomic and sub-atomic (particle physics), and everything on line 4 and above in Figure 2 is astronomical (observational astronomy), and the Ancient Egyptians made a point to delineate and distinguish the two using different symbols, but united the concepts of observational astronomy and particle physics into a single scientific cosmology just like our modern scientific cosmology of the big bang theory. This content is relevant to our discussion because it is important to know what symbols the Ancient Egyptians associated with particle physics in their cosmological philosophy.<br />
<br />
From the preceding paragraphs in this section on the "African Origin of Atomic Philosophy", we have established the content and symbols of the Ancient Egyptian Atomic Philosophy, as well as identified a timeline of the earliest evidence of the Ancient Egyptian Atomic Philosophy:<br />
<ul>
<li>2400 BC - Pyramid Texts - earliest empirical record mentioning Atum and Ptah</li>
<li>700 BC - Shabaka Stone - earliest written evidence of the Memphite Theology</li>
</ul>
It is important to note that these two points on our timeline of Ancient Egyptian Atomic Philosophy are just "philosophies" (ideas and thoughts - Science and Mathematics) and not practical application and usage of the philosophy (Engineering and Technology). The purpose of this article, and what we are searching for, is practical application of the philosophy (<i><b>Seba</b></i>). Recall that there was a 2347 year gap between Democritus’ Atomist philosophy, and technology based on the atomist philosophy in the form of the technological device called the “Cathode Ray Tube”. So, we would expect a similar amount of time to pass for the Ancient Egyptians to develop a similar form of technology based on their philosophy. Subtracting 2347 from 2400 BC (the earliest evidence of Atum - the Ancient Egyptian's atomist philosophy), we get the year 53 BC as the estimated date when we would expect to see some form of technology based on the Ancient Egyptian’s practical use of their theory of the Atom.<br />
<br />
So as we conclude this section on the "African Origin of Atomic Philosophy", we have established criteria of what we will be looking for in order to identify evidence of any form of technology the Ancient Egyptian may have developed based on their philosophy of the atom. <u><b>If</b></u> the Ancient Egyptians Had Knowledge of Electrical Technology:<br />
<ul>
<li>We would expect the Ancient Egyptians to describe the technology in symbolism associated with their cosmology and philosophy related to Atum and the use of the technology would probably also be related to their cosmology uniting observational astronomy and particle physics.</li>
<li>We would expect evidence of the technology to exist around the year 50 BC, 2350 years after the earliest evidence of their theory of the atom (philosophy of Atum), because it took 2350 years for European scientists to have technology in the form of the Cathode Ray Tube after Democritus’ philosophy of the Atom.</li>
<li>We would be looking for some form of technology similar to the cathode ray tube, and thus The Ancient Egyptians would also have to describe: 1) The “source of power” or “spark” for the technology; 2) The metal electrodes; 3) A transparent container containing a vacuum or filled with an inert gas; 4) The way these components would be assembled; and 5) The light produced by the device. </li>
</ul>
In the Ancient Egyptian reliefs known as the "Dendera Lights", all of these conditions are satisfied as we will discuss in the coming sections.<b> </b><br />
<br />
<u><b>4. Translations of the Text of the Dendera Lights</b></u><br />
The Ancient Egyptian reliefs known as the "<b>Dendera Lights</b>" refer to 7 unique images found in two buildings from the Dendera Temple Complex in Egypt. There are 6 "Dendera Lights" images in 2 rooms of the Hathor Temple at Dendera (the largest building). The images in the Hathor Temple at Dendera are located in the following rooms: <br />
<ul>
<li>2 images on the South Wall of the South Crypt Chamber (labeled SC in Figure 3 below)</li>
<li>1 image on the North Wall of the South Crypt Chamber (labeled SC in Figure 3 below)</li>
<li>1 image on the South Wall of Chapel G (labeled G in Figure 3 below)</li>
<li>2 images on the North Wall of Chapel G (labeled G in Figure 3 below) </li>
</ul>
Also, there is 1 image on an interior wall of the older Temple of the birth of Isis (Iseum) building behind the Hathor Temple. The purpose of the Building was for <b>celebrations</b> associated with <b>scientific cosmological events</b>. The building included a room described as a "laboratory", and ceilings which depicted astronomical constellations and the birth and cosmogony of the universe. In Chapel G, two of the cosmological events celebrated were the festival of the "<b>New Year</b>" and a festival called "<b>the Night of the Child in His Nest</b>." <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNQBXbvEScARXNekwKVieSAxiFa7K0KiUhi47dAck7fZ5oJDpF3zxQu9avYHz5_7OsYg7g_htUXI1xfMGUlN3XAcaDJnkPwK9T04WTWan8J_i4P5ZR3fQZnIwReh0Aa6T82jW8XSA5eap_/s1600/Hathor+Temple+and+Iseum.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNQBXbvEScARXNekwKVieSAxiFa7K0KiUhi47dAck7fZ5oJDpF3zxQu9avYHz5_7OsYg7g_htUXI1xfMGUlN3XAcaDJnkPwK9T04WTWan8J_i4P5ZR3fQZnIwReh0Aa6T82jW8XSA5eap_/s640/Hathor+Temple+and+Iseum.png" width="272" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 3: Hathor Temple and Iseum (Temple of the Birth of Isis) at the Dendera Temple Complex</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The Dendera Temple Complex has been extensively studied by several French Egyptologists named Sylvie Cauville, François Daumas, and Zeinab El-Kordy, and one German Egyptologist named Wolfgang Waitkus. The complete Hieroglyphic text accompanying the "Dendera Lights" reliefs have been translated from the Medu Neter into French, and from the Medu Neter into German. Also, since the translators of the text were French and German speakers, then most of the detailed academic scholarship on the subject is also in French and German, which is one of the reasons why so much misinformation, partial information, speculation, and lack of clarity exists among English speakers. At the time of this writing, there has not been an academic publication released where there was a direct translation of the text associated with the "Dendera Lights" reliefs from the Medu Neter Hieroglyphics into English. At the time of this writing, any English translation available of the text associated with the "Dendera Lights" reliefs was either translated from the Medu Neter into French, and then from French into English, or translated from the Medu Neter into German, and then from German into English, from one of the following resources:<br />
<ul>
<li>Wolfgang Waitkus - “<b>Die Texte in den unteren Krypten des Hathortempels von Dendera : ihre Aussagen zur Funktion und Bedeutung dieser Ra¨ume</b> (<i>The texts in the lower crypts of the Hathor temple of Dendera: their statements about the function and importance of this space</i>)<span style="font-size: x-small;"> [UGA Library, Call Number: PJ1526.D36 W35 1997 PubDate:1997; Call Number: Folio PJ1526 .D36 W35 1997 PubDate:1997; Located: University of Georgia, Main Library 3rd floor]</span></li>
<li>Wolfgang Waitkus - “<b>Die Geburt des Harsomtus aus der Blüte - Zur Bedeutung und Funktion einiger Kultgegenstände des Tempels von Dendera</b>” (“<i>The Birth of Harsomtus from the flower - the significance and function of some cult objects of the Temple of Dendera</i>” published in 2002)</li>
<li>Sylvie Cauville - <b>Dendara II, Dendara V-VI Traduction Les cryptes du temple d'Hathor, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta </b>("<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><i><span class="hps">Dendera</span> <span class="hps">II</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">Dendara</span> V-VI <span class="hps">Translation</span> <span class="hps">of The crypts</span> <span class="hps">of the Temple of</span> </i><span class="hps"><i>Hathor</i>",</span> published in 1997<span class="hps"></span></span>)</li>
<li>Zeinab El-Kordy - "<b>Deux Actudes sur Harsomtous: 1 - Le lever d'Harsomtous A Dendara; 2 - Harcomtous, dieu solaire, primordial et créateur</b>" ("<i>Two Studies on Harsomtous: 1 - The Sunrise at Harsomtous; 2 - Harsomtous, Sun God, Primordial God, Creator God</i>" published in 1982)</li>
<li>François Daumas and Émile Chassinat - <b>Le temple de Dendara VI-VIII </b>(<i>"The Temple Dendara, VI-VIII" </i>published 1965 - 1978)</li>
</ul>
The following English translations of the text associated with the
Dendera Lights were translated from either French or German from one of
the aforementioned resources, into English using <a href="https://translate.google.com/" target="_blank">Google Translate</a> software. The "full wall facsimile" images below come from Zeinab El-Kordy's paper entitled "<a href="http://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/Bifao082_art_10.pdf" target="_blank"><b>Deux Actudes sur Harsomtous</b></a>" (<a href="http://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/Bifao082_art_10.pdf">http://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/Bifao082_art_10.pdf</a>)<b>.</b> The translated text below appears in blue colored font. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLFmpFTZ-Aiw5pC6aS_5JJwDiluTQ6GHrYAfnSWqeHtdF20M3nnG4hjYcYdi_CZ_-63HCCXQEJz2c6ihPgTYjpzL4743dD19v0L066wvi0hZrMdHdWj53gICFaf5_hpmnesHIhRcP5DrHj/s1600/South+Crypt+-+South+Wall.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLFmpFTZ-Aiw5pC6aS_5JJwDiluTQ6GHrYAfnSWqeHtdF20M3nnG4hjYcYdi_CZ_-63HCCXQEJz2c6ihPgTYjpzL4743dD19v0L066wvi0hZrMdHdWj53gICFaf5_hpmnesHIhRcP5DrHj/s640/South+Crypt+-+South+Wall.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 4: 2 Dendera Lights images on the South Crypt (SC) - South Wall of the Hathor Temple of Dendera</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b><u>Full Translation of the South Wall of the South Crypt (SC) (Source: Waitkus - German):</u></b><br />
<u><i>Banner Across the Top:</i></u><i> </i><span style="color: blue;"><b>Re-Sema-Tawy</b> is alive with gloss in the sky (and) lives at the day of the <b>New Year celebration. He lights up in its house in “the night of the child in his nest</b>”, <b>by donating the light to the country from the birth bricks</b>. The sky is jubilant, the earth is pleased and the God chapels is glad, when<b> he appears in his chamber</b> in his procession barge at his beautiful <b>celebration of the New Year</b>. The God with his disk has come to see him. <b>Nehebkau</b> gives him reputation, and the goddess with her disk, with godly body, rejuvenates him in his sanctuary. Taweret is content because of her majesty. She praises Re because of him with praise for his Ka, with wine from the wine area and meat bits on the altar before him. The "<b>land-of-Atum</b>" (= Dendera) is prepared with his most distinguished plan, as Hu and Sia are subordinated to him. He may protect the son of Re (empty king cartouche), forever.</span><br />
<i><u>Title of the south wall:</u></i> <span style="color: blue;">Bringing of the amulets made of gold. Speak: To speak words: This is the protection of your majesty for the celebration, in ktmt gold. </span><br />
<u><i>King</i>:</u> <span style="color: blue;"><b>The king of upper and lower Egypt (cartouche with the name of Ptolemy XII Auletes 54 B.C.)</b>, the son of Re (cartouche with another name of the same king).</span><br />
<i><u>Ihi:</u></i> <span style="color: blue;">Words to speak of Ihi, the great, the son of the Hathor, the noble child with shining plait: I please your heart with glories for your person, and I drive rage out with spells. Royal edge line: I came to you, to your place (destroyed section). Beautiful one, whose looks are perfect. I have the Amulet of gold (destroyed section) attached with live on the day of the celebration (destroyed section) of your body.</span><br />
<i><u>Aset:</u></i> <span style="color: blue;">Words to speak of Isis, the great, the gods mother, lady of jat dj, who stays in Dendera, the beginning with whose arrival the earth began, turquoise skin and lapis lazuli like head.</span><br />
<b><u>Har-Sema-Tawy [Snake]</u>:</b> <span style="color: blue;">Words to speak of Har-Sema-Tawy, the great god who stays in Dendera. </span><b><span style="color: blue;">Gold, height: 4 hands</span> (≈11.7 inches). <span style="color: blue;">Made of metal the Day barge, the lotus flower from gold.</span></b><br />
<b><u>Har-Sema-Tawy [Falcon]</u>:</b> <span style="color: blue;">Words to speak of Har-Sema-Tawy, the great God, who stays in Dendera, the multicolored-feathered who is on the Serech. Gold. Height: 1 cubit <span style="color: black;">(≈20.5 inches)</span> . <br /><span style="color: black;"><u>Ihi</u>:</span> Words to speak of Ihi, the great, the son of the Hathor, Re in its shape of the great God, who appears with the diadem as a king of jztj (Egypt) and as a master of the Sed festival,: You reign Dendera millionfold from the nhh eternity to the completion of the Djed eternity.</span> <b><span style="color: blue;">Gold. Height: 1 cubit</span> (≈20.5 inches) </b>.<br />
<b><u>Har-Sema-Tawy [Snake emerging from the Lotus inside the "bubble" on the right]:</u></b> <span style="color: blue;">Words to speak of Har-Sema-Tawy, the great, who stays in Dendera, <b>the living Ba in the Lotus flower of the day barge</b>, <b>whose perfection the two arms of the Djed pillar carry as its sekhem image</b> (powerful form), </span><b><span style="color: blue;">while the Ka's on its knees are with bent arms. Gold. All precious stones, height: 3 hands</span> (≈8.8 inches) .</b><br />
<b><u>Har-Sema-Tawy [Snake emerging from the Lotus inside the "bubble" on the left]:</u></b> <span style="color: blue;">Words to speak of Har-Sema-Tawy, the great, who stays in Dendera, who is in the arms of the princes in the <b>night barge</b>, <b>the noble snake, whose figure Heh carries</b>, whose crew carries his perfection in holiness, because of whose Ba which appearing (Hathor) appeared in the sky, whose shape is admired by admirers, who comes as unique, enveloped by his head serpents, with numerous names at the point of chw.n=sn (Gods with relationship with the Hathor),<b> the sekhem picture of Atum-Re in the Land of the father of the Gods</b> (= Dendera), who created everything. </span><b><span style="color: blue;">Gold, metal, height: 4 hands</span> (≈11.7 inches).</b><br />
<b></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2h1e5e4eHszM1kd2rW0zSaPJTtyT8P8X3tjfVfS0qDMpSQ9LaIbPngjuxGfZbd4dskEAIcoOeTxLwi9aSx4oTIezrK-iFHYnZ9FNkkaakq8fVdZX2Jrk69k34x9njy_-LZhUfaUX7Bcvc/s1600/South+Crypt+-+North+Wall.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2h1e5e4eHszM1kd2rW0zSaPJTtyT8P8X3tjfVfS0qDMpSQ9LaIbPngjuxGfZbd4dskEAIcoOeTxLwi9aSx4oTIezrK-iFHYnZ9FNkkaakq8fVdZX2Jrk69k34x9njy_-LZhUfaUX7Bcvc/s640/South+Crypt+-+North+Wall.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 5: 1 Dendera Light image on the South Crypt (SC) - North Wall of the Hathor Temple of Dendera</b></td></tr>
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<b><u>Translation of the text associated with the Dendera Light image from the North Wall of the South Crypt (SC) (Source: </u></b><b><u>Cauville - French):</u></b><br />
<i>The text describes this scene as follows: </i><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b>Har-Sema-Tawy is emerging from the Lotus in a hn - protective envelope in the “Day Barque”</b>. There are four figures in the “Day barque”: <b>Heh</b>, the figure in front of him (= the god S-t), <b>the lotus is behind him</b>, and <b>the water below him</b>. </span><b><span style="color: blue;">Gold, height: 4 cubits</span> (≈81.9 inches = 6’9” feet)</b>.<br />
<i>Behind Heh, is a creature with the head of a frog and the body of a baboon named <b>UPU</b>, holding two knives. The text describes</i>: <span style="color: blue;">Your name is perfect UPU. Your face is (that of) a frog. I slaughter your enemies (in) the country, with a knife, and (I) kills on your enemies (in bed) block.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiM_iDDBxiZC8Xyy1_OA1yCfPUkVJujjlyf9Lr4Nh-MTSKauF0kTNwA4Dr8qFI8p4VZ1CCUV3-Vcr3WL2slXTK0aXxpu8VE26ZEdpaHvYk-eaCra0RcZKOlhFOtUd4xuChSm2fPEanDlpY/s1600/Chapel+G+-+North+Wall.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiM_iDDBxiZC8Xyy1_OA1yCfPUkVJujjlyf9Lr4Nh-MTSKauF0kTNwA4Dr8qFI8p4VZ1CCUV3-Vcr3WL2slXTK0aXxpu8VE26ZEdpaHvYk-eaCra0RcZKOlhFOtUd4xuChSm2fPEanDlpY/s640/Chapel+G+-+North+Wall.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 6: 2 Dendera Light images on the Chapel G - North Wall of the Hathor Temple of Dendera</b></td></tr>
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<br />
<b><u>Translation of the text associated with the Dendera Light image from the North Wall of Chapel G (Source: </u></b><b><u>Cauville - French):</u></b><br />
<i>The text for the leftmost snake inside the bubble inside the lotus describes: </i><br />
<b><span style="color: blue;">Har-Sema-Tawy in his boat. Height three fingers (≈2.25 inches) . Gold and all precious stones.</span> </b><br />
<i>The three lines of texts, above the next snake reads: </i><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b>Har-Sema-Tawy of Upper and Lower Egypt, Snake rising out of the lotus. A protective-envelope (hn) is around him</b>. <b>The sekhem power is in his arms</b>. Four statues (are) with human faces.<b> The statue is Heh is in the front on a pedestal</b>, and before him are two statues in front of the Lotus. At the head of the boat is UPU, the Frog face, with knife is in his hand. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk6j-BK2HDXKu5b-wLbUMSu51-Nxz2BLexGpFcc4hll6T55XSCML7ulu65Q4sMNNUNUmFKxsCZvqbvfRsxzKjmHiHwk_0rjAOFr6YsSxwbYs8qHBUTQI6qzvUHkybGXAp9X3O00Q5z0Zzk/s1600/Chapel+G+-+South+Wall.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk6j-BK2HDXKu5b-wLbUMSu51-Nxz2BLexGpFcc4hll6T55XSCML7ulu65Q4sMNNUNUmFKxsCZvqbvfRsxzKjmHiHwk_0rjAOFr6YsSxwbYs8qHBUTQI6qzvUHkybGXAp9X3O00Q5z0Zzk/s640/Chapel+G+-+South+Wall.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 7: 1 Dendera Light images on the Chapel G - South Wall of the Hathor Temple of Dendera</b></td></tr>
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<b><u>Translation of the text associated with the Dendera Light image from the South Wall of Chapel G (Source: </u></b><b><u>Cauville - French):</u></b><br />
<i>The text describes: </i><br />
<span style="color: blue;">Words to speak of <b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b>: the great god, consort of Dendera, <b>which rises as the Living BA from the lotus</b>. <b>The crew of the “Night Barque” form his divine perfect KA</b>, and raise his sanctified figure (ssm). The couriers of his KA are prestigious. </span><b><span style="color: blue;">Gold, height: 1 cubit</span> (≈20.5 inches)</b> .<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiI1YpuvKfCwP1zSOOL7a7vDXuAq4nVXn5j5UYl_8CMOoBpmUDeajENFLrF5h-c3G8nngVQhey22ydidTc-514_U4cQSNcJueg8zoSwRFs7CTHM0L_25NzAGAGY-uwJWVlpt5V_om5whEy/s1600/Iseum+Interior+Wall.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiI1YpuvKfCwP1zSOOL7a7vDXuAq4nVXn5j5UYl_8CMOoBpmUDeajENFLrF5h-c3G8nngVQhey22ydidTc-514_U4cQSNcJueg8zoSwRFs7CTHM0L_25NzAGAGY-uwJWVlpt5V_om5whEy/s400/Iseum+Interior+Wall.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 8: 1 Dendera Light images on the Interior Wall of the Temple of the Birth of Isis Iseum of Dendera</b></td></tr>
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<b></b><br />
<b><u>Translation of the text associated with the Dendera Light image from the Interior Wall of The Temple of the Birth of Isis Iseum (Source: </u></b><b><u>Cauville - French):</u></b><br />
<i>The text describes: </i><br />
<span style="color: blue;">Words to speak of <b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b>: The <b>Djed raises his body, the primordial carries his image of worship, the courtiers of his ka bear his prestige</b>. </span><br />
<br />
<b></b>
<u><b>5. What We Learn from the Translations of the Text:</b></u><br />
From the translations of the Medu Neter Hieroglyphic text accompanying the “Dendera Light” reliefs, we learn the following key points relevant to our discussion:<br />
<ul>
<li>The Dendera Light reliefs referred to actual Physical objects</li>
<li>How the Physical Objects depicted in the Dendera Lights images were Used</li>
<li>The Date the Dendera Light reliefs were carved</li>
<li>The identity of the components which make up the Dendera Lights</li>
</ul>
<u>The Dendera Light Relief Reliefs referred to actual Physical Objects</u>: We learn from the translations of the text accompanying the “Dendera Light” reliefs that the reliefs referred to actual Physical Objects, because in every translation accompanying the Dendera Light images in the Hathor Temple of Dendera, the <b>materials and the sizes of the physical objects</b> are indicated. We know that there was variation in the sizes of the objects which <b>ranged from as small as 2.25 inches to as large as 82 inches in height</b>. The materials that the physical objects were composed of included <b>Gold, metal</b>, and “<i><b>all precious stones</b></i>”. It is important to note that the phrase “all precious stones” can be found in the text of various catalogs of objects that the Ancient Egyptians kept. One such catalog comes from the Tomb of the <b>18th Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamen</b> in the description of the materials used for a "<b>Cloisonné breastplate of Horus</b>" and a "<b>Scarab pectoral</b>" (shown in Figure 9 below).<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjfLYKmMamSmbFtwOLfb6iupiS-PI8Qp71T3lCFTRmJoyIExJS9zgOovMdNNuEcOzOaYhyqd5jm4MoGhsaTuBIhZVXzpRkPBCf9DIcUU-nOL6z8wRF991FoEzyKdd5ZH0vPOJ0sfZvaKSW/s1600/Cloisonn%25C3%25A9+breastplate+of+Horus+and+Scarab+pectoral+from+the+tomb+of+Tutankhamun.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjfLYKmMamSmbFtwOLfb6iupiS-PI8Qp71T3lCFTRmJoyIExJS9zgOovMdNNuEcOzOaYhyqd5jm4MoGhsaTuBIhZVXzpRkPBCf9DIcUU-nOL6z8wRF991FoEzyKdd5ZH0vPOJ0sfZvaKSW/s400/Cloisonn%25C3%25A9+breastplate+of+Horus+and+Scarab+pectoral+from+the+tomb+of+Tutankhamun.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 9: Cloisonné breastplate of Horus and Scarab pectoral from the tomb of Tutankhamen showing “all precious stones” of amber, lapis-lazuli, and faience glass</b></td></tr>
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In the catalog, the <b>amber, lapis-lazuli</b>, and <b>faience glass</b> used on the objects were described as “<i><b>all precious stones</b></i>.” The phrase “<i><b>all precious stones</b></i>” also referred to other materials the Ancient Egyptians were known to work with including <b>alabaster </b>and <b>quartz</b>. Additionally, unlike the Dendera Light relief images on the walls of the South Crypt Chamber (Figure 4 and Figure 5), the Dendera Light relief images on the walls in Chapel G (Figure 6 and Figure 7, “Partial Photo”) were in color. And although the relief images are partially destroyed, it can still be observed that materials of different colors were used in the depiction, and possibly even construction, of the physical objects to which the Dendera Light relief images referred. The table below shows a summary of the sizes and materials used for the physical objects to which the Dendera Light relief images referred based on the translation of the texts which accompanied the images.<br />
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<u>How the Physical Objects depicted in the Dendera Lights images were Used:</u> We learn from the translation of the South Crypt Chamber South Wall “Banner Across the Top” that the physical objects were used for cosmological celebrations of the <b>New Year</b> and the “<i><b>Night of the Child in his Nest</b></i>” festival from the phrase: “<i>Re-Sema-Tawy is alive with gloss in the sky (and) lives at the day of the New Year celebration. He lights up in its house in “the night of the child in his nest”, by donating the light to the country from the birth bricks.</i>”<br />
<br />
<u>The Date the Dendera Light reliefs were carved:</u> We learn the date the Dendera Light reliefs were carved (and possibly the physical objects were crafted) from the translations of the South Crypt Chamber South Wall. The South Crypt Chamber South Wall has two cartouches containing the name of <b>Ptolemy XII Auletes</b>, who reigned around the year <b>54 BC</b>.<br />
<br />
<u>The identity of the components which make up the Dendera Lights</u>: The translation of the text accompanying all 7 of the Dendera Lights images provides a consistent description of the identity of the individual components which came together to create the Dendera Lights physical objects. The components identified are:<br />
<ul>
<li><b>Seshen</b> – <b>Lotus Flower</b></li>
<li><b>KA</b> – the figure(s) of the person on its knees</li>
<li><b>BA</b> – the snake emerging from the Lotus Flower</li>
<li><b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b> - the name of the Primordial Serpent emerging from the Lotus Flower</li>
<li><b>hn</b> – the protective envelope container around the snake emerging from the Lotus Flower</li>
<li><b>Djed Pillar</b> – holding up the vessel containing the snake coming out of the Lotus in the “Day Boat”</li>
<li><b>Heh</b> – holding up the vessel containing the snake coming out of the Lotus in the “Night Boat”</li>
</ul>
As was discussed in the section on “<i><b>The African Origin of Atomic Philosophy</b></i>”, in Egyptian Cosmology, the <b>Lotus flower</b> represented <b>a source of light</b> and corresponded to the point where energy is converted into subatomic particles in our modern scientific cosmology of the <b>big bang theory</b>. <br />
<br />
The “<b>Ka</b>” is translated variously from Ancient Egyptian language as “<b>divine spark</b>" or spirit or double” and the “<b>Ba</b>” is translated variously as “<b>characteristics</b> or personality or soul”. To the Ancient Egyptians, the <b>Ka</b> and the <b>Ba</b> could be united by <b>Nehebkau</b> (whose name means “bringing together the Ka and the Ba” and is mentioned in the translation of the South Crypt Chamber South Wall “Banner Across the Top”). The result of uniting the <b> Ka</b> and the <b>Ba</b> was the production of the “<b>Akh</b>” which is translated as meaning “<b>light, radiance, brilliance, shine</b>” in E.A Wallis Budge Hieroglyphic dictionary. In the Dendera Lights images, the Ba is the snake coming out of the Lotus and the Ka is the “person on their knees”, and essentially <u><b>the Ba and Ka would combine to produce Akh (light)</b></u>.<br />
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In Ancient Egyptian symbolism, the <b>Djed Pillar</b> represented “stability” and the Neter (deity) <b>Heh</b> represented infinity. The <b>Djed Pillar</b> was present in the Dendera Light images of the “<b>Day Boat</b>” in the <b>primordial waters</b>. <b>Heh </b>was present in the Dendera Light images of the “<b>Night Boat</b>” in the primordial waters. Since <b>Day</b> and <b>Night</b> are dual opposite concepts, then in this context it is fair to interpret Heh (infinity) and Djed (stability) as dual opposite concepts like <b>∞ (infinity = filling)</b> and <b>0 (stability = vacuuming)</b>.<br />
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The “<i>protective envelope</i>” or “<i>bubble</i>” around the snake emerging from the Lotus is described on the North Wall of Chapel G and the North Wall of the South Crypt in the Ancient Egyptian Medu Neter Hieroglyphics as a <u><b>hn</b></u>. The word <u><b>hn</b></u> can be found on page 447 and 448 of E.A Wallis Budge’s 1920 Hieroglyphic Dictionary as <b>hen</b> and <b>henu</b> (plural).<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqrub8Kt8kbPkkXG2uNPima8zgb2IflsI4QVEu4CG81IhSNv8Bjl6MOW3I4vMQbd66Wk8NnlqKfGBd2aULHz_qqbLrGkj5grQih3kxiXPlm_twAQ1g3vOrdG3t50wCbbf0_kurIx_yIAq4/s1600/hn+-+447+and+448+-+E.A+Wallis+Budge+Hieroglyphic+dictionary.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqrub8Kt8kbPkkXG2uNPima8zgb2IflsI4QVEu4CG81IhSNv8Bjl6MOW3I4vMQbd66Wk8NnlqKfGBd2aULHz_qqbLrGkj5grQih3kxiXPlm_twAQ1g3vOrdG3t50wCbbf0_kurIx_yIAq4/s400/hn+-+447+and+448+-+E.A+Wallis+Budge+Hieroglyphic+dictionary.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 10: hn – hen and henu (plural) from pages 447 and 448 of E.A Wallis Budge’s 1920 Hieroglyphic Dictionary</b></td></tr>
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As one of the Egyptologists who actually translated the text associated with the “Dendera Lights” images from Medu Neter into French, <b>Zeinab El-Kordy</b> had this to say about the “bubble” around snake emerging from the Lotus in the Dendera Lights reliefs in the 1982 paper entitled “<i><b>The Sunrise at Harsomtous</b></i>”: “<i>It is certain that in the text the word <b>hn</b> refers to “<b>the protective envelope surrounding the snake coming out of the lotus</b>”. <u><b>This is a new definition to be added in the dictionaries</b></u> that define this word as “coffer” or “where manuscripts are kept” or “where helpful herbs for mummification are stored</i>”. <br />
<br />
This means that in the year 1982, the translation of the text accompanying the Dendera Lights images which described the vessel which contained the serpent emerging from the lotus with the word “hn” (hen) provided a new definition for the word which was not present in older dictionaries like E.A Wallis Budge’s 1920 Hieroglyphic Dictionary. In his 2002 paper entitled “T<i><b>he Birth of Harsomtus from the flower - the significance and function of some cult objects of the Temple of Dendera</b></i>,” <b>Wolfgang Waitkus</b>, one of the Egyptologists who actually translated the text associated with the “Dendera Lights” images from Medu Neter into German, translates the word <b>hn</b> as “<b>tank, vessel, container, receptacle, canissier, jar, box</b>”. In the same paper, Wolfgang Waitkus also speculates that the container may have been actually transparent container since it was depicted as transparent in all of the Dendera Light images. Thus, it is quite possible that this hn (hen) transparent container was made out of a transparent material called a “<i><b>precious stone</b></i>” in the text such as <b>faience glass</b>.<br />
<br />
People attempting to “<i>debunk</i>” the Dendera Lights have <b>speculated</b> that since the Medu Neter Hieroglyphic <b>iterty, aterti, /itr.ty/</b> (in figure 11 below), which means “<i>the primordial birth sanctuary environment in which the sun is born</i>" (i.e. outer space), <u><b>looks like</b></u> the snake emerging from the lotus inside of the <b>hn</b> transparent container in the Dendera Lights images, then the two must be the same - However, as the translators of the text (Wolfgang Waitkus and Zeinab El-Kordy) have demonstrated in their discussion,<b> </b><u><b>this is simply incorrect.</b></u> <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEMpEdTLEdnbRbQArIfuKAnZSz7LBybALJ22AZURaIm7RVn-7pGCEdTeLvnDaW1JuIpMJOi8Ah1Yt2_cjg3VZEFOLdRa9kABYb6k4mJUhHHUAKuP0nDy8AL3XZb_zcHzx6WRLfCIsP68wY/s1600/iterty+all.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEMpEdTLEdnbRbQArIfuKAnZSz7LBybALJ22AZURaIm7RVn-7pGCEdTeLvnDaW1JuIpMJOi8Ah1Yt2_cjg3VZEFOLdRa9kABYb6k4mJUhHHUAKuP0nDy8AL3XZb_zcHzx6WRLfCIsP68wY/s320/iterty+all.png" width="248" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure
11: iterty, aterti, /itr.ty/, meaning the primordial birth sanctuary
environment in which the sun is born </b></td></tr>
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Lastly, but most important, the translation of the text accompanying the Dendera Lights images informs us that the name of the snake emerging from the lotus inside of the <b>hn transparent container</b> is <u><b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b></u> (which was mispronounced and referred to as <b>Harsomtous</b> by the Greeks). <b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b> means “<i>Horus unifier of the two Lands</i>”. The Medu Neter Hieroglyphic “<b>Sema</b>” which means “to unite” is a picture of <b>lungs and a windpipe</b> and thus will be used as a metaphor for <b>hydrodynamics</b> in the discussion in the next section.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZispSQMAr3xadTsr_6gVIoVDb-xtna5cq1FlQH9_GRohjxotkA3gwa9euuC7HHI3jG0QgQVjbTTrktDPvUDia92XEeRwCFXMG2uP2Kd9I9Mx5kto4n9wMRtaOxDVYdpSdE6Xt6BslyuXM/s1600/sema02.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZispSQMAr3xadTsr_6gVIoVDb-xtna5cq1FlQH9_GRohjxotkA3gwa9euuC7HHI3jG0QgQVjbTTrktDPvUDia92XEeRwCFXMG2uP2Kd9I9Mx5kto4n9wMRtaOxDVYdpSdE6Xt6BslyuXM/s200/sema02.png" width="128" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 12: Sema Hieroglyph, a picture of lungs and a windpipe (Hydrodynamics)</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In the 1982 paper entitled “<i><b>Harsomtous, sun god, primordial god, creator god</b></i>”, One of the Egyptologists who actually translated the text associated with the “Dendera Lights” images from Medu Neter into French, <b>Zeinab El-Kordy</b>, discusses other texts related to <b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b> and a "<i><b>Hymn to Har-Sema-Tawy</b></i>" in the temple of Dendara, at the bottom of a window on the upper part of the east wall of the Central Hall (labeled Y on the map in Figure 3). In the texts of the Dendera Lights, as well as the other supporting text, Zeinab El-Kordy shows that Har-Sema-Tawy has 2 distinct forms (Figure 13):<br />
<ol>
<li>The Solar form of <b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b> is the <u><b>Hawk</b></u></li>
<li>The Primordial form of <b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b> is the serpent, or <u><b>a serpent emerging from the Lotus</b></u></li>
</ol>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUCmIT7UMpbYjZ5PSg8rUicAYQlRfNcdLW6mws-WNYYT_6w0jfPQrXQ7uoucEXY0tEDWPxEuLWixsI2HtGRmxS80JUOylEwmV3NrrOSkL4hGo9XEnAFeRT3BEtZUGIcXLUqJugGfPNWGHO/s1600/Harsomtous%252C+Dieu+Solaire%252C+Primordial+et+Createur-+El+Kordy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUCmIT7UMpbYjZ5PSg8rUicAYQlRfNcdLW6mws-WNYYT_6w0jfPQrXQ7uoucEXY0tEDWPxEuLWixsI2HtGRmxS80JUOylEwmV3NrrOSkL4hGo9XEnAFeRT3BEtZUGIcXLUqJugGfPNWGHO/s640/Harsomtous%252C+Dieu+Solaire%252C+Primordial+et+Createur-+El+Kordy.png" width="539" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 13: A page from Zeinab El-Kordy’s 1982 paper entitled “<i>Harsomtous, sun god, primordial god, creator god</i>”</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
In the “<i><b>Hymn to Har-Sema-Tawy</b></i>” Zeinab El-Kordy discusses how <b>Har-Sema-Tawy </b>in his <b>Primordial form as the serpent emerging from the Lotus “made the creation the first time (Zep Tepi)</b>” and “<b>came to existence in the beginning</b>” and shows that <b>Har-Sema-Tawy in his serpent form came to existence before his first solar form</b>. This is an extremely important point, and is a variant of Ancient Egyptian cosmology consistent with the previous discussion in the section on “<i><b>The African Origin of Atomic Philosophy</b></i>”. In the <b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b> variant of Egyptian cosmology (shown in Figure 13), <b>Har-Sema-Tawy in his serpent form emerges from the lotus and is created prior to Har-Sema-Tawy in his solar form as the Hawk</b>. This is why on every wall in the <b>Hathor Temple of Dendera </b>where there is a Dendera Light image, there is also an image of a Hawk. <u><b>Har-Sema-Tawy depicted as a serpent emerging from the Lotus DOES NOT represent the Sun. Har-Sema-Tawy depicted as a Hawk represents the sun. Har-Sema-Tawy depicted as a serpent emerging from the Lotus represents something “Primordial” (first and fundamental) which came into existence BEFORE the sun (i.e. atoms and electrons).</b></u><b> </b> The Ancient Egyptians were intelligent enough to develop a <b>scientific cosmology</b> which <b>united (Sema-Tawy) </b>two principles using <b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b>: <b>Observational Astronomy (the Sun) </b>and <b>Particle Physics (atoms and electrons)</b>. This means that <b>Har-Sema-Tawy depicted as a serpent emerging from the Lotus corresponds to the point in our modern scientific cosmology of the big bang theory where energy is converted into subatomic particles and Atoms begin to form</b>. Har-sema-tawy is mentioned as early as the time of the 11th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt (2061 BC - 2010 BC).<br />
<br />
Additionally, one of the Egyptologists who actually translated the text associated with the “Dendera Lights” images from Medu Neter into French, <b>François Daumas</b>, had this to say about <b>Har-sema-tawy</b> in the book "<i><b>Temple Dendara, VI-VIII</b></i>": “<i>In the last room, one sees, carefully carved on the Southern wall,<b> a falcon with detailed feathers, preceded by a snake emerging from a lotus blossom within a boat</b>…<b>These reliefs are cosmological representations</b>. <b><u>The snake that comes out of the lotus is equated with the shining deity Harsamtawy as he appears for the first time out of the primordial sea</u>. He is again represented near the bottom of the crypt in the form of two snakes also coming forth, but this time wrapped in lotuses like protective envelopes…</b></i>”<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV0xAE4IAaBZeNoi0NzT0JQ6dpOpU1v4F3sJQjKIcLdooRGWoWyZgvmgnDxO8qPjwXB6Vh2fX8_WG7o3Sn09IX6wemSKia9W2yLncavcV3ls-FN42Ok_vCV6UcLKUOuNUCCibIM9OwmXqU/s1600/25.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV0xAE4IAaBZeNoi0NzT0JQ6dpOpU1v4F3sJQjKIcLdooRGWoWyZgvmgnDxO8qPjwXB6Vh2fX8_WG7o3Sn09IX6wemSKia9W2yLncavcV3ls-FN42Ok_vCV6UcLKUOuNUCCibIM9OwmXqU/s640/25.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 14: Har-Sema-Tawy variant of Egyptian cosmology</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<u><b>6. Comparative Analysis</b></u><br />
<br />
From the translations of the text associated with the Dendera Lights, we know that the Dendera Lights already meets two of our four criteria and stipulations for the <b>Plausibility</b> argument of the Dendera Lights as a form of Ancient Egyptian Electrical Engineering Technology. We know that <b>the Dendera Lights we physical objects (technology)</b> which were <b>created around the year 54 BC</b>, and we know the Ancient Egyptians used the Dendera Lights technology in relation to their cosmological celebrations uniting observational astronomy and particle physics. The other two criteria and stipulations for our Plausibility argument are that we are looking for a form of technology similar to the cathode ray tube, and we would expect the Ancient Egyptians to describe the technology, and the components of the technology using symbolism associated with their atomic cosmology and philosophy. Therefore, this section will present a comparative analysis between the components described in the translation of the text of the Dendera Lights to the components of a Cathode Ray Tube. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfTldoyt_bv9InYBce5Tj5K-id4Sa49F0a2e2Bp5C5nyX7aCxLcZLX2qHzP9BpLEcHh70AIJt59PnV6kw_t9IzqndO_gep_TUssxrajGZf9gVbiZkdCGkFALmFeBNUyRiT3gzm0RLlmHTe/s1600/28.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfTldoyt_bv9InYBce5Tj5K-id4Sa49F0a2e2Bp5C5nyX7aCxLcZLX2qHzP9BpLEcHh70AIJt59PnV6kw_t9IzqndO_gep_TUssxrajGZf9gVbiZkdCGkFALmFeBNUyRiT3gzm0RLlmHTe/s640/28.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 15: Comparative Analysis between Components Described in the Text of the Dendera Lights reliefs to a Cathode Ray Tube Electrical Light Source</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Figure 15 above shows the relationship between the components described in the translation of the text of the Dendera Lights to the components of a Cathode Ray Tube. We know from the translation of the Dendera Lights text that the materials which were used to construct the physical objects were Gold, Metal, and “all precious stones” (possibly amber, lapis-lazuli, alabaster, quartz, and/or faience glass). Additionally, recall that the Dendera Light images in Chapel G were in color, and although partially destroyed, we can see from the images that the entire object was not all one metal, all one color, or all one material. We can see that the hn (hen) container was indeed transparent. In the Chapel G Dendera Light images, Har-Sema-Tawy appears as the same color as the arms of the Djed pillar and the Neter Heh and looks like, and is indicated in the text that, it was made of Gold. Also in the Chapel G Dendera Light images Lotus flower and horizontal columns of the Djed Pillar appear in a different color, which on the current partially destroyed image, appears bluish-green. With this addition graphical evidence, we are able to make the following comparisons and analogies:<br />
<ul>
<li>The <b>hn (hen) transparent container</b> of the Dendera Lights is analogous to the <b>transparent glass container</b> of the Cathode Ray tube. </li>
<li><b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b> of the Dendera Lights, made of Gold Metal, the “<b>Ba</b>” of the Lotus flower inside of the <b>hn transparent container</b> is analogous to the<b> metal Cathode electrode</b> of the Cathode Ray tube which extends into the glass container. Additionally, if Har-Sema-Tawy is a tube/pipe, then it can be used like a Hydraulic pump (the <b>Sema symbol is lungs attached to a windpipe</b>) to <b>remove air to create a vacuum</b> inside the hn (hen) glass container, or to <b>add inert gas </b>inside of the glass container</li>
<li>The Arms of the<b> Djed Pillar</b>, or the Arms of the <b>Neter Heh</b> of the Dendera Lights, made of Gold Metal, are analogous to the <b>metal Anode electrode</b> of the Cathode Ray tube. It is important to note that regardless if the device is constructed with <u><b>the anode inside of the glass container</b></u> (like the Dendera Light image on the South Crypt Chamber North Wall), or if the device is constructed with the <u><b>anode outside-of, yet touching the glass container</b></u> (like the Dendera Light images on the Chapel G North and South Walls, the South Crypt Chamber South Wall, and the interior wall of the Temple of the Birth of Isis Iseum), the stream of electrons can still be observed traveling through the container from the cathode to the anode. Additionally, since the Djed Pillar (stability) and the Neter Heh (infinity) are dual opposite concepts like ∞ (infinity) and 0 (zero), then it is fair to interpret these symbols as indicators for either creating a vacuum (zero, stability) inside the transparent container or filling (infinity) the transparent container with inert gas. Creating a vacuum inside of a glass bulb, or filling the glass bulb with inert gas, are also two of the criteria needed for incandescent light bulbs to function.</li>
<li>The <b>Ka</b> on its knees in the Dendera Lights, which represented the “<b>Divine Spark</b>” is analogous to the Cathode Ray Tube “<b>Power Supply</b>” (<b>source of the spark</b>). The <b>Ka</b> was connected by the material of the lotus flower to the <b>Djed Pillar/Heh (anode)</b> to <b>Har-Sema-Tawy (cathode)</b>. Additionally, <b>Har-Sema-Tawy</b> is called the “<b>Ba</b>” inside the Lotus flower, and it is a fact that in Ancient Egyptian symbolism, <u><b>when the Ba and the Ka unite, it produces Akh (light)</b></u>.</li>
</ul>
<u><b>7. Addressing Misinformation</b></u><br />
Before concluding this presentation on the Plausibility of the Dendera Lights as a form of Ancient Egyptian Electrical Lighting Technology, it is necessary to specifically address the misinformation which has been disseminated on this topic to date. There are three main perspectives which disseminate information on the subject of the Dendera Lights, and unfortunately to date, all of these perspectives have presented misinformation on the subject of the Dendera Lights in order to support their bias. <br />
<br />
The perspective which views the Dendera Lights as an “Ancient Egyptian electrical light source”, was championed by people like Peter Krassa and Rainer Habeck in their book entitled “<i><b>The Light of the Pharaohs</b></i>.” What Krassa and Habeck did well which helped their argument was developing a working replica of the Dendera Lights Technology based on their interpretation of it as an electrical light source. However, Krassa and Habeck made several irrelevant and incorrect points which hurt their argument. Krassa and Habeck made a point to talk about the “Absence of Soot inside Ancient Egyptian Tombs” and “the Unavailability of Oxygen inside Ancient Egyptians Tombs to Light Torches” to suggest that torches and lamps could not have been used to light the inside of Ancient Egyptian temples and Tombs, so the Ancient Egyptians must have used lightbulbs. First of all, it is fallacious to conclude that light bulbs must have been used for lighting just because you think torches were not used for lighting. Additionally, the presence or absence of soot inside of a building, and the use or nonuse of torches inside of a building, are irrelevant to the discussion of whether or not a particular artifact is what you claim it to be. For example, you can still light torches and have soot inside of your house, and also have knowledge of the use of electrical lighting. The “soot and torch” discussion are auxiliary points which are only made to allude to the notion that the use of electrical lighting in Ancient times is as ubiquitous and prevalent as it is now in modern times to the point where “the Ancient Egyptians did not even need torches.” However, it is very simple to show evidence of soot inside of Ancient Egyptian temples, and it is very easy to show Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics and reliefs depicting the Ancient Egyptians carrying torches and fire lamps to prove that the Ancient Egyptians did in fact use torches for lighting. <b>The real substance of proving that an artifact is what you claim it to be, is showing that what is written about the components, material, function, and use of the artifact is consistent with what is being claimed about the artifact.</b> Unfortunately this is another area of shortcoming in the discussion presented by Krassa and Habeck who misidentified several of the objects depicted and described in the text accompanying the Dendera Lights reliefs. Since Krassa and Habeck chose to make these irrelevant auxiliary points and incorrect primary points in their discussion, they left room for their “<i>Dendera Lights Electrical Light Source Hypothesis</i>” to be easily overturned.<br />
<br />
The opposing perspective views the Dendera Lights as nothing more than mere fetish statues using for Ancient Egyptian cult ceremonial religious purposes. This perspective is championed by personalities like Frank Döernenburg in his book “Pyramid Mysteries? Whats That?” and on his website <a href="http://www.doernenburg.alien.de/RDV/RDV00_e.php" target="_blank">www.Doernenburg.alien.de</a>. On his website, Frank Döernenburg presents his argument to “debunk” the Dendera Lights as a form of Electrical Lighting Technology, and many other websites which aim to “debunk” the Dendera Lights have copied and repeated the same information from Döernenburg’s website. Döernenburg is a supporter of the idea that the Mesopotamian Baghdad Battery is a plausible form of Ancient Electrical Technology based on the statement taken from his website in Figure 16a below.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGzuDDyXLqYN4SnCK9Ty5FCmn0-cGMDszj5Z3i5QsXCLPrBkBe44_lKpBjMA5MW9pfWidrvYSklQVk8MHqsfMdoNB5DlBMARTonlrE7-rsTkhBMxePJ5IO51mcFFy_rCeQuQP0eakT8_gS/s1600/16a.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="82" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGzuDDyXLqYN4SnCK9Ty5FCmn0-cGMDszj5Z3i5QsXCLPrBkBe44_lKpBjMA5MW9pfWidrvYSklQVk8MHqsfMdoNB5DlBMARTonlrE7-rsTkhBMxePJ5IO51mcFFy_rCeQuQP0eakT8_gS/s640/16a.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 16a: Above: a Quote from Frank Döernenburg's website www.Doernenburg.alien.de showing his belief that the Baghdad Battery is a form of Ancient Electrical Technology</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Döernenburg also believes that the Ancient Egyptians did not "live in an age of research and progress" and he asserts that in Ancient Egypt there is "no evidence of a systematic study of physics or chemistry” based on the statement taken from his website in Figure 16b below.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkNGYk7YXZBKCXHVYWg6VP1zZTa901qkQHetF83oH8uR1GSuY8NBqpVtMKvDwKp6PrWiAYxAQKFOJAxCbdCBPFsJoq6iAxIM4W6cJwP2bhJgz5tHgXcswGYKb4857_gMbmpT3Sx-t25qVo/s1600/16b.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkNGYk7YXZBKCXHVYWg6VP1zZTa901qkQHetF83oH8uR1GSuY8NBqpVtMKvDwKp6PrWiAYxAQKFOJAxCbdCBPFsJoq6iAxIM4W6cJwP2bhJgz5tHgXcswGYKb4857_gMbmpT3Sx-t25qVo/s640/16b.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Figure 16b: Above: a Quote from Frank Döernenburg's website www.Doernenburg.alien.de showing his thoughts about the Ancient Egyptians not having a “systematic study of Physics or Chemistry”.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
Despite his bias, what Döernenburg does well which helps his argument is actually presenting an accurate translation of the text associated with 2 of the 7 Dendera Lights reliefs located on the South Crypt Chamber South Wall. Unfortunately, Döernenburg’s argument fails because he presents an “Argument from fallacy” logical fallacy and also incorrectly misinterprets several of the Ancient Egyptian symbols and misrepresents (or misunderstands) how a Cathode Ray Tube works. Döernenburg’s “Argument from Fallacy” logical fallacy comes from analyzing the argument of Krassa and Habeck, and inferring that since Krassa and Habeck’s argument contains fallacy, then their conclusion must also be false. Döernenburg goes on to present misinformation suggesting that Har-Sema-Tawy (Harsomtous) depicted as a Snake emerging from the Lotus flower shown in the Dendera Lights reliefs represents the “Sun”, but as we have already discussed, the Egyptologists who translated the text of the Dendera Lights say that Har-Sema-Tawy depicted as a Hawk represents the sun, and Har-Sema-Tawy depicted as a Snake emerging from the Lotus flower represents something “primordial” which existed before the sun. Döernenburg presents more misinformation saying that since the transparent container around the snake emerging from the Lotus in the Dendera Lights reliefs “<u><b>looks like</b></u>” the Medu Neter Hieroglyphic iterty, aterti, /itr.ty/ , then the two must be the same. However, as we have already discussed, the text of the Dendera Lights describes the transparent container around the snake emerging from the Lotus as an <i><b>hn – container</b></i>. Additionally, Döernenburg suggests that the “bulb” must have been made from gold, which contradicts the Ancient Egyptian’s depiction of the hn – container as transparent. Lastly, Döernenburg misrepresents how a Cathode Ray Tube works in his attack on the replica created by Krassa and Habeck. The Dendera Lights replica developed and described by Krassa and Habeck was a Cathode Ray Tube in which the Anode electrode is inside of the glass container along with the Cathode electrode. Since only 1 of the 7 Dendera Lights images (South Crypt Chamber North Wall) has the arm of the Djed Pillar or Heh (the anode end of the device) reaching into the glass container, then Döernenburg makes a point to suggest that Krassa and Habeck’s replica was not true to the most frequent depiction of the Dendera Lights images which has the arms of the Djed Pillar or Heh on the outside of the glass container. However, even if the Anode Electrode of a Cathode Ray Tube is touching the outside of the Glass container, the cathode ray electron beam can still be observed to travel from the Cathode, through the glass tube, and to the Anode. This can be observed simply by putting a metal paperclip on the outside glass of a Plasma Globe, and watching the discharge travel to the metal paperclip, because Plasma Globe operate on similar principles as Cathode Ray Tubes.<br />
<br />
The third perspective which disseminates information on the subject of the Dendera Lights is the perspective which interprets the Dendera Lights as Ancient Electrical Technology, not developed by the Ancient Egyptians, but rather developed and left on the Planet Earth by “Ancient Aliens.” The idea that the Dendera Lights are Ancient Alien Technology is championed by personalities such as Erich von Däniken in 1989 in his book “<i><b>The eyes of the Sphinx</b></i>” and on television shows like “Ancient Aliens” (season 4, episode 13). Whereas individuals who have the perspective that the “<i>Dendera Lights were Ancient Egyptian Electrical Light bulbs</i>” may have been naïve in their knowledge of the translation of the text accompanying the Dendera Lights, and individuals who set out to “debunk” the Dendera Lights as Electrical Light bulbs may be biased in thinking there is “<i>no evidence of a systematic study of science on the African continent</i>”, the individuals who promote the perspective that the Dendera Lights were “Ancient Alien Technology” also tend to have issues with accepting the presence of science on the African continent, and thus reconcile the discrepancy in their mind by jumping to the fallacious conclusion that the technology must have been left in Africa by “Ancient Aliens”. The fallacious arguments presented from this third perspective which views the Dendera Lights as Ancient Alien technology are often built on the “Affirming the consequent” logical fallacy as well as the “Argument from ignorance” logical fallacy.<br />
<br />
<u><b>8. Conclusion</b></u><br />
In conclusion, the artifacts known as the “Dendera Lights” should be considered historically, as well as in “Present and Future Practical application”. <br />
<br />
For historical considerations, it is indeed <b>Probable</b> (most statistically likely), given the numerous statues discovered throughout Ancient Egypt’s long storied history, that the physical objects referred to by the text accompanying the “Dendera Lights” reliefs were also merely statues as well. However, if the objects were just statues, it is a fact that to the Ancient Egyptians, the statues represented a Primordial (atom/electron) source of Light other than the sun, which existed before the sun. If Leonardo Da Vinci’s drawings of flying machines, which were merely “representations” of flight to Leonardo, are noteworthy to be mentioned in the History of Aeronautical Engineering, then likewise, the Dendera Lights which “represented” primordial (atom/electron) light, should also be noteworthy to be mentioned in the History of Electrical Engineering because not only did the Dendera Lights “represent” primordial (atomic) light, but working replicas can actually be built (unlike Da Vinci’s flying machine drawings).<br />
<br />
Also, for historical considerations, it is <b>Plausible</b> (logically argued) that the physical objects referred to by the text accompanying the “Dendera Lights” reliefs were were electrical lighting technology given:<br />
<ul>
<li>The date in which the objects were created (50 BC) fits in with the timeline of development based on when the Egyptians had a philosophy of the atom (2400 BC)</li>
<li>The text of the Dendera Lights mentions components which provide a spark (KA), that combine with other components (BA), to produce light (Akh)</li>
<li>The Physical Dendera Light objects contained symbolic components like the primordial serpent form of Har-Sema-Tawy which is analogous to “electricity” (atoms and electrons) in our modern Big Bang Theory cosmology.</li>
<li>Comparative analysis of the components as described in the text of the Dendera Lights match to Electrical Engineering components which can be used to construct a Cathode Ray Tube Electrical Lighting device</li>
</ul>
In considering the artifacts known as the Dendera Lights for “Present and Future Practical Application”, it is Undeniable that a Cathode Ray Electrical Light source can be constructed describing the components needed to build the Technology, using the terms as described in the text accompanying the Dendera Lights reliefs: <br />
<ol>
<li>Light Source (Lotus)</li>
<li>Glass Container ( hen )</li>
<li>Source of Spark (Ka)</li>
<li>Metal Electrode (Har-Sema-Tawy the Ba in the Lotus)</li>
<li>Pump to remove or add air (Sema symbol)</li>
<li>Vacuum ( 0 ) in container (Djed)</li>
<li>Fill ( ∞ ) container with inert Gas (Heh)</li>
</ol>
In this regard, the Dendera Lights serve as a tool that can be operatively used in the Present, and on into the Future, to teach certain principles of Electrical Engineering in African Centered Educational (A.C.E.) settings using African symbology.<br />
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<b></b>African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-88519013284790971072015-09-30T05:34:00.001-04:002015-10-06T17:43:53.323-04:0025 Fictional Black ScientistsNot only does "Art imitate Life", but life can also imitate art. The characters from fictional television shows, movies, and comics books who are Black Scientists, Engineers, and Inventors can be influential, motivational, and inspirational to Black audiences to participate in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S.T.E.M.). Thus, we present 25 Black Scientists, Engineers, and Inventors in Fiction:<br />
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<u><b>25. Dr. Beaumont Rosewood Jr (Rosewood T.V. series 2015 - )</b></u><br />
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<u><b>24. Dr. John Dolittle (Doctor Dolittle - 1998, Dr. Dolittle 2 - 2001)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>23. Dr Miles Bennett Dyson (Terminator Movie Universe)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>22. Professor Sherman Klump (The Nutty Professor - 1996, Nutty Professor II: The Klumps)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>21. T.J. Henderson (Smart Guy TV Series 1997–1999) </b></u></div>
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<u><b>20. Rich Purnell (The Martian 2015)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>19. Dr. Camille Saroyan (Bones T.V. series 2005 - )</b></u></div>
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<u><b>18. Dr. Baxter Stockman (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Universe)</b></u><b></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicRhTM1pdv8irGVzGbZPGzBRxWTCPfwXwVM6YBMSsjwB5iL5T-jGBaj8Jj2V9YncAXOng3y3EhMjDjnUpzNjyoY39cb4mZZghcJDLiwqL0mANgvUe48ABVsOJNRYeuMbtZNLiCpik_zUzS/s1600/NEkOEA3Juqlwnt_2_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicRhTM1pdv8irGVzGbZPGzBRxWTCPfwXwVM6YBMSsjwB5iL5T-jGBaj8Jj2V9YncAXOng3y3EhMjDjnUpzNjyoY39cb4mZZghcJDLiwqL0mANgvUe48ABVsOJNRYeuMbtZNLiCpik_zUzS/s320/NEkOEA3Juqlwnt_2_b.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div>
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<b> </b><u><b>17. "Falcon" Sam Wilson (Avengers Assemble T.V. Series 2013 - )</b></u></div>
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<u><b>16. Dr. Christopher Turk (Scrubs T.V. Series 2001 - 2010)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>15. Brody Nelson (CSI: Cyber T.V. Series 2015 - )</b></u></div>
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<u><b>14. Dr. Richard Webber (Grey's Anatomy T.V. series 2005 - )</b></u></div>
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<u><b>13. Dr. Greg Pratt (ER T.V. Series 1994 - 2009)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>12. Dr. Eric Foreman (House T.V. Series 2004 - 2012) </b></u></div>
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<u><b>11. Dr. Preston Burke (Grey's Anatomy T.V. series 2005 - ) </b></u></div>
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<u><b>10. Dr. Cate Banfield (ER T.V. Series 1994 - 2009)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>09. Alexx Woods (CSI: Miami T.V. Series 2002 - 2012)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>08. Dr. Lem Hewitt (Better Off Ted T.V. series 2009 - 2010) </b></u></div>
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<u><b>07. Dr. Loretta Wade (NCIS: New Orleans T.V. series 2014 - ) </b></u></div>
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<u><b>06. Dr. Miranda Baily (Grey's Anatomy T.V. series 2005 - )</b></u></div>
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<u><b>05. "Steel" Dr John Henry Irons (DC Comics Universe, STEEL movie 1997)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>04. "I.Q." J.D. Bennett (Bionic Six T.V. series 1987 - 1989)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>03. Steve Urkel (Family Matters T.V. series 1989 - 1998)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>02. Dwayne Wayne (A Different World T.V. series 1987 - 1993)</b></u></div>
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<u><b>01. Geordi La Forge (Star Trek The Next Generation T.V. series 1987 - 1991)</b></u></div>
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African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-68301933365095650622015-08-26T16:37:00.000-04:002015-08-29T07:21:41.526-04:00Straight Outta Kemet - N.W.A. (Neters with Attributes)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-74188589422493544112015-08-15T15:24:00.001-04:002015-08-15T15:24:07.873-04:00Alchemical Psychoanalysis of Black Consciousness<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The purpose of this article is to:<br />
<ol>
<li>Identify personality archetypes among black knowledge communities</li>
<li>Provide a case study to how a concept develops from pseudoscience, to proto-science, to modern science</li>
<li>Gather Data to test a hypothesis about personality type</li>
</ol>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx72FvqW37vXOzNKwWtciVES10zmGGULI3NzI1wC_CiklOtIK5RMAgymV5d_HeMUKAjaCzGUAFYQMLZnBS-13luUWr_EfZPo4vHYEfi-Ww-ipF8xFy1Hw9f2r5ccaQHG4T-UBh6H9YDxgm/s1600/frats.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx72FvqW37vXOzNKwWtciVES10zmGGULI3NzI1wC_CiklOtIK5RMAgymV5d_HeMUKAjaCzGUAFYQMLZnBS-13luUWr_EfZPo4vHYEfi-Ww-ipF8xFy1Hw9f2r5ccaQHG4T-UBh6H9YDxgm/s320/frats.png" width="225" /></a><br />The other day I made an observation, and posed the question: “Are the
various groups and organizations in the Black Conscious Community
similar to the Black Fraternities?”<br />
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For the past 110 years, African-American men have enrolled in various colleges, universities, and institutions of higher learning in the United States and around the world seeking education to enrich and empower themselves in society. While enrolled at these various institutions, they have also had the option to join a social fraternal organization. Four of the most popular of these fraternities being namely: Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, and Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity. Each of these fraternities has a unique personality type that they tend to attract. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity has a reputation of being your scholars, book worms, scientists, and nerdy types. Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity has a reputation of being the well dressed, well groomed, pretty-boy type. Omega Psi Phi Fraternity has a reputation of being the strong, athletic, rough and rugged type. Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity as a reputation of doing their own thing, possessing similar qualities of the other types but not really fitting in the other molds, but getting along well together.<br /><br />However, the Black Conscious Community consists of groups like the pan-Africanists, UNIA, RBG, FTP, Black Power, Black Panthers, Black Muslims (Moors, NOI, 5%ers, sunni, sufi, etc), Black Egyptians, Kemetic Scholars, Asar Aset Society, Nuwaubians, Rastafarians, and Black Hebrew Israelites. These various groups and organizations not only provide education on a variety of topics, but also provide social outlets and social groups which mirror the same personality types you find amongst Black Greek Lettered Fraternities. Much like Alpha Phi Alpha, individuals who have an affinity toward the Black Egyptian or Kemetic scholarship tend to be the scholarly, book worm, scientific-minded, and nerdy types. In fact, the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity even uses Ancient Egyptian iconography as part of their fraternal motif. Much like Omega Psi Phi, individuals who gravitate towards the pan-Africanist, UNIA, RBG, FTP, Black Power, and Black Panther organizations tend to be the more militant, rough and rugged type; Both the Que-dogs and the RBG can often been seen adorned in camouflage fatigues. Much like Kappa Alpha Psi, the Black Muslim Organizations such as the Nation of Islam and Moorish Science Temple of America, place a significant importance on being the well dressed and well groomed. The colors Red and White are also shared colors of all of the organizations. And, much like Phi Beta Sigma, the Black Hebrew Israelites are diverse in their unification with some being scholarly, some being militant, and some being just chilled-out and peaceful.<br /><br />While on the surface, the black college fraternities and Black conscious organizations may seem very divergent, but in reality, many members of black college fraternities were also active in Black Conscious organizations. The civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. The civil rights leader Ralph David Abernathy was a member of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity. Huey P Newton, a member of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, was one of the co-founders of the Black Panther party for self-defense. Khalid Muhammad, a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity, was also a member of the Nation of Islam and the New Black Panther Party for self-defense. The scholar Dr. Asa Hilliard, professor of educational psychology who worked on indigenous ancient African and Kemetic history at Georgia State University, was also a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity.<br /><br />The 4 personality types that are found amongst black college fraternities and Black conscious organizations is actually a very ancient observation. Personality typing was first attempted in the system of Astrology which suggested that the astronomical phenomena occurring at the time of a person’s birth would determine the personality of the individual. The 12 astrological signs would determine 12 personality types, and each astrological sign would correspond to one of the 4 classical alchemical elements of Earth, Air, Fire, or Water. As it relates to personality types, these 4 categories were called the 4 Humors. Although Astrology is considered a pseudoscience today, the 4 Humors concept initiated in Astrology would eventually be refined into the Proto-science field of the 4 Temperaments. <br /><br />The 4 Temperaments is a proto-psychological theory that suggests that human moods, emotions and behaviors were caused by an excess or lack of 4 body fluids: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. The presence of these fluids in the body results in 4 personality types: sanguine (optimistic leader-like), choleric (bad-tempered or irritable), melancholic (analytical and quiet), and phlegmatic (relaxed and peaceful). The 4 Temperament theory is said to have been developed by Hippocrates, the Greek Physician considered the "Father of Western Medicine" and creator of the Hippocratic Oath that modern doctors and physicians pledge once they become a professional. However, the idea that bodily organs, and bodily fluids were associated with different personality types and alchemical elements was an idea that the Ancient Africans in Egypt developed and presented in the concept of the “4 sons of Heru” thousands of years before Hippocrates was born.<br /><br />Hippocrates incorporated the four temperaments model into his medical theories. But later discoveries in biochemistry have led modern medicine science to reject the use of the theory of the four temperaments in medicine. However, in the field of Psychology, the four temperaments model still seemed viable, which is what led Carl Jung and his mentor Sigmund Freud to utilize it as a basis for their psychological typological theories. Both Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud are examples of relatively recent scientists who are respected as scientists, but still openly advocated and promoted ideas that would be considered pseudoscience.<br /><br />Carl Jung published his theory of psychological type based on the concepts from ancient alchemy and the 4 humors and 4 temperaments models, in his 1921 book entitled “Psychological Types”. Jung's type theory introduced a sequence of four cognitive functions (thinking, feeling, sensation, and intuition), each having one of two orientations (extraversion or introversion), for a total of eight dominant functions. However, the scientific validity of Carl Jung’s theory came into question because his theory was not developed through controlled scientific studies, but rather through clinical observation, introspection and anecdotal evidence.<br /><br />To collect data and measure personality type and psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions, Myers and Briggs developed a psychometric questionnaire based on extrapolating the theories presented by Carl Jung. In addition to Jung’s 4 cognitive functions, and 2 orientations, Myers and Briggs also included a measure for an individual’s preference for Judging vs Perceiving, for a total of 16 personality types. The 16 Myers Briggs personality types can be grouped into 4 groups of 4 falling into the categories of Introvert-Feeling, Introvert-Thinking, Sensing-Feeling, Sensing-Thinking, and these 4 groups are assumed to align with the 4 Temperaments, 4 Humors, and 4 classical alchemical elements of ancient times.<br /><br />The myers-briggs indicator is frequently used in the areas of pedagogy, career counseling, team building, group dynamics, professional development, marketing, family business, leadership training, executive coaching, life coaching, personal development and marriage counseling. The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator is used by 89 of the Fortune 100 companies<br /><br />So now, let’s collect some data and test the theory. A link to a short 10 minute Myers-Briggs test below. Take the test, and then leave a comment with:<br />
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<a href="http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/jtypes2.asp">http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/jtypes2.asp</a><br />• your Gender<br />• organization you share the strongest affinity with<br />• the result of your Myers-Briggs test<br /><i>For example, I would leave a comment saying: Male, Kemet, INTJ</i><br /><br />My hypothesis is that while there will be some outliers, the majority of members of certain groups and organizations will have results that cluster in the categories corresponding to the classical elements sited at the beginning of this video. For example: RBG = Fire, Muslim = Water, Kemet = Earth, Hebrew = Air<br /><br />I would imagine that a similar pattern would play out for the 4 major black gangs: Crips, Bloods, Vice Lords, Folks (Gangster Disciples).<br /><br />I think this would explain why certain groups have a tendency to get along, whereas other groups have a tendency towards conflict, and this would also provide a model for how groups could better interact.<br /><br />African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-54933944848518318602015-08-01T07:32:00.002-04:002015-08-01T09:16:07.416-04:00The ELECTRON is God<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>GOD is a theological abstraction defined by 7 characteristics:</b><br />
<ol>
<li>Divine Simplicity (not consisting of parts)</li>
<li>Omnipresent (present everywhere, eternal)</li>
<li>Omniscient (all knowing) </li>
<li>Omnipotent (all powerful) </li>
<li>Omnibenevolent (all good)</li>
<li>Creator, Sustainer, and Destroyer</li>
<li>Giver of Life and the Bringer of Death</li>
</ol>
Based on the definition of GOD, the ELECTRON is the only Empirical object which satisfies all of the criteria as being GOD!<br />
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<b>The ELECTRON is Divine Simplicity: </b> The doctrine of Divine Simplicity says that GOD is without parts, not composite, and not made up of something else. The ELECTRON is a subatomic, fundamental particle, having no components or substructure.<br />
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<b>The ELECTRON is Omnipresent:</b> Omnipresence is the quality of being present everywhere at the same time. All Matter is composed of Atoms, and all Atoms are composed of at least 1 or more ELECTRONS. Thus, everywhere there is something, there is at least 1 ELECTRON.<br />
<br />
<b>The ELECTRON is Omniscient:</b> Omniscience is the quality of knowing all information. Neurons are cells that are the core components of the Brain which process and transmit information in the form of ELECTRONS as electrical signals. ELECTRONS are what thoughts, ideas, and knowledge are made of. Literally everything that is known is facilitated by way of ELECTRONS.<br />
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<b>The ELECTRON is Omnipotent:</b> Omnipotence is the quality of being All Powerful. In physics, Power is the rate at which a Force does Work. All of the Forces in the Universe are based on the 4 Fundamental Forces, and ELECTRONS participate in 3 of the 4 Fundamental Forces: Gravitation, Electromagnetism, and the Electro-weak Forces. Electrons do not participate in the Strong Nuclear force, but Electrons can participate in nuclear reactions. Hence, the ELECTRON is Omnipotent.<br />
<br />
<b>The ELECTRON is Omnibenevolent: </b> Omnibenevolence is the quality of being “all good”, and “goodness” is defined as always adhering to a set of rules, laws, or codes. The set of rules or equations that The ELECTRON always adheres to includes the Pauli Exclusion Principle, the Schrödinger equation, the Dirac equation, Wave-Particle Duality, and Angular Momentum, just to name a few.<br />
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<b>The ELECTRON is Creator: </b> The exchange or sharing of ELECTRONS between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding which creates the Molecules of all substances. Conversely, the Chemical Reactions which Destroy, or transform, one substance to another involve the loss or change in position of ELECTRONS.<br />
<br />
<b>The ELECTRON gives LIFE:</b> Life is a characteristic of physical entities having Biological processes, and Biological processes are any number of Chemical Reactions that results in a transformation. Chemical Reactions are caused by the loss or change in position of ELECTRONS. Conversely, the cessation of Chemical Reactions, is when ELECTRONS stop flowing, and is what brings about Death.<br />
<br />
<b>Some additional similarities between GOD and the ELECTRON are:</b><br />
<ul>
<li>Love: It is said by people in various religions that “GOD is Love”.As a thought or emotion, the feeling of Love occurs due to the movement of ELECTRONS in the brain and body.</li>
<li>Light: It is said by people in various religions that GOD created Light by saying “Let there be Light”. ELECTRONS moving from higher Orbital Shells to lower Orbital Shells is the origin of Light.</li>
<li>In the Clouds: It is said by people in various religions that “GOD is in the Clouds”.ELECTRONS orbit the nucleus of an atom in ELECTRON CLOUDS.</li>
<li>You Can’t See God or ELECTRONS: It is said by people in various religions that “you cannot see GOD”. Currently there is no method in existence to directly see an ELECTRON or any subatomic particle.</li>
</ul>
<b>Electrons in the Atomic Model: </b> Atoms and Electrons have never been directly seen, but scientists have proved that sub-atomic particles exist through experimentation which facilitates a consistent method to observe the effects made through predictions provided by the Atomic Model. A model is a representation of a system in the real world, and is intended to help us understand systems and their properties. The atomic model represents what the structure of an atom could look like, based on what we know about how atoms behave. It is not necessarily a true picture of the exact structure of an atom. Models are often simplified and cannot always be absolutely accurate.<br />
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<br />
<b>PTAH as an Ancient African ELECTRON “Model”:</b><br />
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<br />
<b>Relationship Between EL and PTAH:</b> “<i>The Egyptian god Ptah is given the title ḏū gitti 'Lord of Gath' in a prism from Lachish which has on its opposite face the name of Amenhotep II (c. 1435–1420 BCE) The title ḏū gitti is also found in Serābitṭ text 353. Cross (1973, p. 19) points out that Ptah is often called the Lord (or one) of eternity and thinks it may be this identification of ʼĒl with Ptah that lead to the epithet ’olam 'eternal' being applied to ʼĒl so early and so consistently.</i>” SOURCE: Cross, Frank Moore (1973). Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-09176-4.<br />
<br />
<b>EL is the Origin of the Name of God in Judeo-Christian, Islamic, and various Mesopotamian Religions:</b><br />
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<br />
<b>EL (the origin of the Mesopotamian name for God) is in the word ELECTRON:</b><br />
<ul>
<li><b>EL </b>- “Mesopotamian word for God” </li>
<li><b>LECT</b> - “word, speech, thought” (Greek lexis and logos) </li>
<li><b>TRON </b>- Greek suffix referring to a device, tool, or instrument </li>
</ul>
<b><i>ELECTRON - “a tool for God’s words and thoughts”</i></b><br />
<br />
<b>Study Particle Physics, Study Quantum Physics, Learn about the ELECTRON, Get to know God!</b><br />
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<div align="center">
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African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-6081336341875070722015-03-07T10:31:00.001-05:002015-03-07T11:15:16.358-05:00Mansa Abubakari Keita II, The Mariner Nautical Navigator of Mali<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mansa Abubakari Keita II</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Adapted From “They Came Before Columbus” Chapter 3, The Mariner Prince of Mali, page 39-50, by Ivan Van Sertima</i></span><br />
<br />
You may have heard of the likes of Christopher Columbus, Marco Polo, Ferdinand Magellan, Hernan Cortes, Amerigo Vespucci, and Francisco Pizarro. But the story of an African explorer, navigator, and voyager to the Americas before all those aforementioned, must be told and remembered always. This is the story of Mansa Abubakari Keita II. <br />
<br />
Abubakari Keita II, was the 9th Mansa, a Mande word meaning “emperor” or “king of kings”, of the Mali Empire. Abubakari Keita II was the grandson of Sundiata Keita, the founder of the Mali Empire. As a boy growing up in the royal court of the Keita Dynasty of the Mali Empire, Abubakari Keita II and his younger half-brother Kankan Musa, were privileged to receive the finest education. Coming up, they heard stories about lands across the Atlantic Ocean. While Abubakari Keita II would often dream of Traveling West to sail off into the massive ocean, his brother Kankan Musa dreamed of Traveling East to make pilgrimage to Mecca. <br />
<br />
While studying at Sankory University, Abubakari Keita II encountered maps from Muslim geographers, Moorish navigators, and scholars from Timbuktu, who had concluded that the Atlantic Ocean waters which washed the western end of Mali, were not the end of the world. Diplomats from Morocco, North Africa, and scholars from the University of Timbuktu, promoted new ideas about a spherical shaped globe and worlds beyond the sea. While at Sankory University, Abubakari Keita II studied Ocean currents, navigational charts, and learned how to navigate using the stars. Abubakari Keita II heard amazing tales of people from Western Sudan who ventured across the Atlantic ocean some 2000 years earlier. <br />
<br />
In the year 1310 AD, in the city of Niani, on the left bank of the Sankarini river, Abubakari Keita II ascended to the throne, and was inaugurated as the ninth Mansa of the Mali Empire. Dressed wearing a golden skullcap and full royal regalia of a velvety red tunic and heavily crinkled silk, and sitting atop a pempi, a three-tiered pavilion pyramid, under the shade of the royal umbrella, surmounted by its golden bird, there was a roll of drums, and trumpets, and bugles sounded to announce his inauguration. The time had come, Abubakari Keita II now had the resources at his disposal to realize his trans-oceanic ambition.<br />
<br />
Since ascending the throne of Mali, Abubakari Keita II had but one ambition, to use all his power and wealth to realize the dream that had been growing in him since childhood. The Mali kingdom had been extended down along the Gambia River to the sea. Abubakari had heard many tales of that sea which was known as the world’s end. Abubakari desired to do something different with his regency, something new, something for which there was no precedent. Something too that would keep his spirit quick and young with a lifelong excitement. Abubakari was bored by petty wars; he was master of the largest empire in the world – larger, than the Arabs, larger than the Holy Roman Empire, as large as all the civilized states of Europe. Abubakari was bored by the thought of pilgrimage to Mecca; he was bored by pious duties and by pious men who repeated themselves endlessly. Abubakari surrounded hisself with people of like mind, Scientists, Astronomers, Navigators, and Scholars of Timbuktu, who entertained theories of a sphere-shaped world and dreamed of lands beyond the waters, as men in the 21st century now dream of life on worlds beyond the stars. <br />
. <br />
Abubakari would spare no expense to build a fleet. Abubakari sent the announcement to Let it be known throughout Mali and beyond:<br />
<i>“To all those who fished and sailed in lakes and rivers and off the sea's great coasts, to all those who know about boats and water currents and wind currents and direction-finding by the map of the stars. To all those who know about Marine Engineering and Nautical Sciences. Let the Somono people come forward, to whom Sundiata had given ‘the monopoly of the water’. Let the Bozo people come forward, who are known as great boatmen of the Niger river. Call unto the boatmen of the Gambia and Senegal rivers. Call unto the people of Lake Chad, where it was said that men still built boats on the principles of the ancient Egyptians. Let it be known that they were all needed at the royal court of the Mali Empire”.</i> <br />
<br />
Great debate arose as to what kind of ships should be built. Some of Abubakari’s advisers said the ships should most certainly carry a sail. Other advisers said that the ships should not depend on a sail, saying that they could be stalled for days on the sea if there was no wind. Some advised that the ships should be like the ships the Bantu and Arabs of East Africa were using on the Indian Ocean, which could change from sail to oar, and from oar to sail, so that it would have the double advantage of wind power and muscle power. Some advisers said it was pointless to call on the experience of the river people because the ocean to the west was no river, and it did not behave like an inland lake or stream. Some advisers said that something truly massive would have to be built in order to meet the monstrous moods of the ocean, and river craft would simply be dashed to pieces. Other advisers said big ships sank more easily on stormy water than small ones, because they set up too much resistance to the wind and waves.<br />
<br />
Abubakari listened to all the hypothesis, theories, and opinions, but took no chances, he decided that there would be no single design, no one kind of boat. Abubakari gave his blessings to all designs that seemed practical, he was not going to gamble on one man's theory and ignore the rest. Abubakari saw the configuration of his fleet like the political configuration of Mali, he stood at the helm as the central and unifying authority of the most diverse crew of elements on the Sudanic deck of the world. His fleet would be a mirror of his ship of state.<br />
<br />
The great boat building operation began along the Senegambia seacoast of Mali. Troops were withdrawn from wars and from other minor campaigns, to focus their energies on the ambitious shipbuilding campaign. Blacksmiths, carpenters, boat captains, magicians, diviners, scholars from Timbuktu, gold merchants, potters, porters, weavers, and jewelers, were all assembled to contribute to the shipbuilding effort. Caravan guides, who used the compass and navigational instruments to plot their paths across “the sandy sea” of the Sahara, were called upon to serve as navigators across the ocean waters of the Atlantic. While the building of the boats progressed, a number of megalith structures were erected, stone observatories, such as ancient seafaring nations used for astronomical calculations, the ruins of which survive today as indications of the science of that time and the activities of that place. <br />
<br />
Abubakari specified that each boat built for the ocean voyage should be accompanied by a supply boat, which stored gold and other items for trade, along with enough food to last its company for at least two years. Two hundred master boats and two hundred supply boats were built. As the task neared completion, Abubakari encamped on the seacoast to watch the final stages of the operation, It was the scene an Egyptian pharaoh must have witnessed during the erection of a pyramid, Abubakari felt pride at the thought that he was the only king in the world at that time who was wealthy enough and at peace enough, to divert such a vast labor force from military and agrarian duties to a scientific exploration. <br />
<br />
The fleet of 200 ships departed in the year 1310 AD. When the ships departed, their absence was long, and Abubakari could not find peace, he was obsessed to learn of the outcome of the expedition that he had hurled across the spaces of the ocean, he could think of nothing else. Early one morning the following year, a captain of one of the ships had returned, and was waiting outside the gates of the palace to talk to Mansa Abubakari II. The captain of the boat said that they sailed for a long while, until they came to what seemed to be a strong current flowing in the open ocean. The other ships sailed on, but as they came to that strong current they were swiftly pulled out over the horizon of the ocean until they disappeared. The captain said that he did not know what became of the ships because the waters were strong and swift and he was afraid and turned back and did not enter the current.<br />
<br />
This news made Abubakari more fixed in his obsession; some said he even bordered on madness. Abubakari went with his royal court to the plain at the western edge of Mali where the first fleet had been built and had disembarked. Like the pyramid builders of dynastic Egypt, Abubakari began to recognize his whole empire around a single massive project. He assembled a vast army of craftsmen, and scaled up the ship building operation, this time to send a massive armada of 2000 ships to explore across the ocean. Paired men and women were being chosen for the new expedition, and fears were expressed by Abubakari’s subjects that in his madness he would sacrifice hundreds of people to the voyage across the ocean. <br />
<br />
But, Abubakari was unwavering, he never looked back. Abubakari stayed amongst the ship builders and never returned to the royal court at Niani. This time, Abubakari wanted to lead the expedition hisself; he had a special boat built, with a throne on the stern deck, shaded by the bird-emblazoned parasol, and he would commandeer the fleet by means of the talking drum. In the year 1311 AD, Mansa Abubakari Keita II abdicated the throne, and conferred the power of the regency to his brother Kankan Mansa Musa, on the understanding that he was to assume the throne if, after a reasonable lapse of time, Abubakari did not return. Mansa Musa told Mansa Abubakari Keita II that if he did succeed to the throne, he would choose his way to make his mark upon the world: to lead a massive train of caravans traveling East across the desert on a pilgrimage to Mecca. <br />
<br />
Then one day, in the year 1311 AD, dressed in a flowing white robe and a jeweled turban, Abubakari Keita II took leave of Mali. He gave up the throne in the name of science and discovery, and set out with his fleet to travel west across the Atlantic Ocean, never to return to Mali. In the year 1312 AD, Abubakari’s fleet of ships landed and settled on the coast of present day Brazil in a place known as Recife. The other name they gave this site is Purnanbuco, which comes from Boure Bambouk, the Mande name for the rich gold fields that accounted for much of the wealth of the Mali Empire. Other cities in South America near the area they settled which they gave Mande names were Mandinga Port, Mandinga Bay and Sierre de Mali. This was a West African colony in the Americas established by the 2200 ships which disembarked from the Mali Empire under the rule and helm of Mansa Abubakari Keita II. <br />
<br />
The European explorer, Christopher Columbus, even made mention of the African presence in the Americas in his logs. Columbus stated that the purpose of his third voyage was to test the claims of King John the second of Portugal, that "<i>canoes had been found which set out from the coast of West Africa and sailed to the Americas</i>". Columbus also stated he heard claims of the native inhabitants of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, that black people had come from the southeast who were trading with spears that were made of a gold metal alloy developed in west Africa. Columbus's son, Ferdinand, said his father told him that he had seen black people north of what is now Honduras. The scholarly art historian, Count Alexander Von Wuthenau, also discusses fourteenth century carvings and sculptures that were found in the Americas which show women and men wearing turbans, clearly African with tribal marks cut on their cheeks, indicating that the people came from Mali.<br />
<br />
Africans arrived in the Americas long before Columbus. Three currents can carry Africans to the Americas: one current off the Cape Verde islands, one current off the Senegambia coast, and one current off the southern coast of Africa. Africans were the first to navigate the ocean waters, and the science of Celestial Navigation and Astronavigation is the means by which the four corners of the world were explored; Africans navigated the 7 seas, by way of the 7 heavens.<br />
<br />African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-13038114793741494342014-12-06T22:15:00.001-05:002015-11-19T20:37:46.889-05:00The Ptah-Horus (Pythagoras) Theorem – The African Origin of the Pythagorean Theorem<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkRlwRBzgakAaQaarFvCPEmSVn7mxMnE_8WCOzggKOvrZBvAGflo_2NIKzKKBX8BrvS1FU6PnsvYtG1J1x7AklmLdfadcIQsqUZrOhdIR1_5z1MpOc-yjMZfChdMzCdEetzRPGFIHq2EIk/s1600/01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkRlwRBzgakAaQaarFvCPEmSVn7mxMnE_8WCOzggKOvrZBvAGflo_2NIKzKKBX8BrvS1FU6PnsvYtG1J1x7AklmLdfadcIQsqUZrOhdIR1_5z1MpOc-yjMZfChdMzCdEetzRPGFIHq2EIk/s1600/01.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher who is said to have lived around 500
BC, and is credited by most western educational institutions with the
development of what they call the Pythagorean Theorem, the mathematic equation
which expresses the relationship between the sides of a right triangle; where
the square of the hypotenuse of the triangle is equal to the sum of the squares
of the other two sides of the triangle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Pythagorean Theorem is also known as the 47<sup>th</sup> Problem of
Euclid, because Euclid, who is said to have lived several hundred years after
Pythagoras, and is called the “father of Geometry” by western educational
institutions, worked on solving the ratio 3:4:5 Pythagorean triple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the first 5 numbers 1,2,3,4,5 are
squared to yield 1,4,9,16, and 25, then subtracting each square from the next
yields the sequence 1,3,5,7,9…</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5R5zBArPVEj-UAIZnUFNNJX9JByymaekqYEqbnpPjEKRfBEv8NCAoH-eqDSI-R-Fq8d8Xzz8srJZTF8UURfulBCjGL-s7z7STG2lOcBsJPlNjNBmDmjtKdMyORWWE6LuOBTwH4ppB3vRd/s1600/mss02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5R5zBArPVEj-UAIZnUFNNJX9JByymaekqYEqbnpPjEKRfBEv8NCAoH-eqDSI-R-Fq8d8Xzz8srJZTF8UURfulBCjGL-s7z7STG2lOcBsJPlNjNBmDmjtKdMyORWWE6LuOBTwH4ppB3vRd/s1600/mss02.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<span style="color: black;">However, it has long been suspected that this theorem, and the proof of
this theorem, existed thousands of years before Pythagoras is said to have been
born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">Evidence that the Babylonians had knowledge of Pythagorean Triples is
available on the artifact known as <b>Plimpton 322</b>, which contains tables
inscribed with Pythagorean Triples.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCMv-888WiVMVrMLOWY41w15aY2J2vYCyiOguVFNufVwgUQRs4BcrDr3sNNck95-pdQtEEeRdlekl801e0VugAibmQ44ysNfcbJSxmjOoAOEsEPNvZ668VJODhV1ZcIE3czywRqzshHsR5/s1600/plimpton_322-colorised.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCMv-888WiVMVrMLOWY41w15aY2J2vYCyiOguVFNufVwgUQRs4BcrDr3sNNck95-pdQtEEeRdlekl801e0VugAibmQ44ysNfcbJSxmjOoAOEsEPNvZ668VJODhV1ZcIE3czywRqzshHsR5/s1600/plimpton_322-colorised.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">In his collection of
essays entitled “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Moralia Volume 5</b>”,
the Greek essayist Plutarch comments on the Ancient Egyptian’s knowledge of the
3:4:5 Pythagorean triple and its relationship between the sides of a right
triangle expressed in Ancient Egyptian symbolism by saying:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="color: black;">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
upright, therefore, may be likened to the male, the base to the female, and the
hypotenuse to the child of both, and so Ausar may be regarded as the origin,
Auset as the recipient, and Heru as perfected result.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3 is the first perfect odd number, 4 is a
square whose side is the even number 2, but 5 is in some ways like its father
and in some ways like its mother, being made up of 3 and 2...”</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">In the book entitled “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The
Pythagorean Theorem: The Story of Its Power and Beauty</b>”, by Alfred
Posamentier, he states:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Pythagorean Theorem was
known long before Pythagoras, but Pythagoras is attributed as the first to
prove it.”</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">However, in the book “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stolen
Legacy</b>” by George G.M. James, it is argued that Pythagoras was shown proof
of the theorem by the Ancient Egyptians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It states:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">“Pythagoras travelled to Egypt and was taught geometry by the Egyptian
Priests and made to sacrifice to the Gods, before they showed him the proof of
the theorem of the square on the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle.
Pythagoras did not discover this proof, and it is misleading to name the
theorem after him.”</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">The book “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stolen Legacy</b>”
also states:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black;">“… we have the statements of Plutarch, Demetrius and Antisthenes that
Pythagoras founded the Science of Mathematics among the Greeks, and that he
sacrificed to the Muses, when the Egyptian Priests explained to him the
properties of the right angled triangle. Pythagoras was also trained in music
by the Egyptian priests.”</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">The proof attributed to Pythagoras is very simple, and is called a
proof by rearrangement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two large
squares shown in the figure each contain four identical triangles, and the only
difference between the two large squares is that the triangles are arranged
differently. Therefore, the white space within each of the two large squares
must have equal area. The triangle in figure 1 can be rearranged to create
figure 2, and equating the area of the white space yields the proof attributed
to Pythagoras.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5BzemS3hU_cCEXoLgtOyZQebmmtyYg1kdqJTHNe2b1iYTSHAOxkN5I5l9C69UqYOnHe5pSmtQ0ULN49MnkATNlR5U_fw_BVXjUqzdaebBPg-ErTpJRkOYtj7COBDraBbKa2TLFu1ps5I-/s1600/Pythagore.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5BzemS3hU_cCEXoLgtOyZQebmmtyYg1kdqJTHNe2b1iYTSHAOxkN5I5l9C69UqYOnHe5pSmtQ0ULN49MnkATNlR5U_fw_BVXjUqzdaebBPg-ErTpJRkOYtj7COBDraBbKa2TLFu1ps5I-/s1600/Pythagore.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<![endif]--><span style="color: black;">So, is there any evidence that a proof by rearrangement for this
theorem is available in Ancient Egypt?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well,
since we are talking about triangles, let us look to the pyramids of Giza, the
three giant triangular structures built by the Ancient Africans in Egypt 2000
years before Pythagoras was said to have been born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From above, if we rearrange the pyramids of
Giza, we see evidence of the proof of the theorem.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha8R_daTKjf2WeItBR3SjjEnoBn5a1-2NP62R7dEekxqNS6PYnt-JvBS2afIbcVo4ABeVOWz68U0HeiJZ1ht_c797RPn5VNZd3g_TGmNjpCykxarr-GZ7jB2EjyF5PF37XhqAqxoMXvuf3/s1600/Ptah-Horus+(Pythagoras)+Theorem+copy.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha8R_daTKjf2WeItBR3SjjEnoBn5a1-2NP62R7dEekxqNS6PYnt-JvBS2afIbcVo4ABeVOWz68U0HeiJZ1ht_c797RPn5VNZd3g_TGmNjpCykxarr-GZ7jB2EjyF5PF37XhqAqxoMXvuf3/s1600/Ptah-Horus+(Pythagoras)%2BTheorem%2Bcopy.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">The base of Menkaure’s Pyramid is 51.7
cubits, the base of Khafre’s pyramid is 107.6 cubits, and the base of Khufu’s
pyramids is 115.2 cubits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plugging into
the equation, we see that the mathematical result (119.4) is a statistically
significant reasonable approximation, a difference of 4.2 cubits, less than 4%
error (3.5%).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Considering that the outer
casing of the Giza pyramids have been removed, and the wear and tear on the
pyramids over the thousands of years, this may account for the
discrepancy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black;">Given this evidence, it does not seem right to use the term
“Pythagorean Theorem” for a concept which existed thousands of years before
Pythagoras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the book <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stolen Legacy, </b>Dr. George G.M. James
suggests that “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The name of Pythagoras…
should be deleted from our mathematical textbooks: in Geometry, where the
theorem of the square on the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is called
the Pythagorean theorem, because this is not true</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">So what term can we use to replace the term “Pythagorean Theorem”?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We can see the civil engineers and architects
of the Giza complex built the proof of the theorem into the design of the
Pyramid complex at Giza.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So the term we
use as a replacement for the term “Pythagorean Theorem” should pay homage to
the African Pyramid builders, architects, and engineers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. Kaba Kamene (Dr. Booker T. Coleman)
suggests that the name “Pythagoras” comes from a Greek amalgamation of the names
of African Egyptian deities Ptah and Horus (Heru).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interestingly enough, the deities Ptah and
Horus were patron deities of the Ancient African Pyramid builders, architects,
and engineers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ptah was a patron deity
of builders and craftsmen, and Horus as Heru-Behutet was a patron deity of
blacksmiths and workers in metal, The Great Chiefs of the Hammer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">Additionally, Ptah and Ausar were combined in Egyptian Mythology, and
both Ptah as Ausar, and Horus are present as the upright and hypotenuse of the
3-4-5 right triangle ratio represented by Ausar, Aset, and Heru
respectively.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjglTA-rjO9m960PS3OchA-WOL-C5Jn0dd5Mh2zYwijWHWSi0Q_7vcBYDDkiDJV1iTPjF1kR2mb5isIYDTOi6ovNQpZAEHbmnd0BDONRbByTIwte4raLTfOsSGEfFYXHGvDwLidy26RKtyE/s1600/3+4+5+copy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjglTA-rjO9m960PS3OchA-WOL-C5Jn0dd5Mh2zYwijWHWSi0Q_7vcBYDDkiDJV1iTPjF1kR2mb5isIYDTOi6ovNQpZAEHbmnd0BDONRbByTIwte4raLTfOsSGEfFYXHGvDwLidy26RKtyE/s1600/3+4+5+copy.png" width="362" /></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black;">Considering the aforementioned phonetic and symbolic relationships of
Ptah and Horus to “Pythagoras”, then the proposition is put forth that the
Pythagorean Theorem should henceforth and forever be known as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ptah-Horus Theorem</b>.</span></div>
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Q.E.D.</div>
<br />African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-62930641356207189742014-07-07T20:15:00.003-04:002014-07-07T20:56:23.165-04:00HERU-COPTERS: African Aeronautical Ascension<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/african-creation-energy/heru-copters-african-aeronautical-ascension/paperback/product-21706331.html" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="HERU-COPTERS: African Aeronautical Ascension" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOyuSvxuh-zRW0NVMLcuGO6Jq2BVUqPiv9IOljiHha3v4ZspVC9qaEMY_JmHo5CHyCuRnvAmcVLpJcfNpwuZC_A41a-Q7Qn2oSCxZPoe3ghQcAYr_2wSdoqVoDGWWyGuW71nZHH-8ovzsd/s1600/Heru_copters+3D+BOOK+copy.png" height="320" width="320" /></a></div>
<b> </b><i>"Up, up, you mighty race, you can accomplish what you will"</i><br />
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<b>"<a href="http://www.lulu.com/shop/african-creation-energy/heru-copters-african-aeronautical-ascension/paperback/product-21706331.html" target="_blank">HERU-COPTERS: African Aeronautical Ascension</a>"</b> presents a comparative analysis between concepts, customs, cosmologies, and practices found in African cultures to topics related to Aviation, Aeronautics, Aerodynamics, Aircraft, Avionics, and Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering.African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-9099890046597176512014-02-15T10:57:00.001-05:002014-02-15T10:57:57.889-05:00Top 10 Gods Worshiped by Scientists<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<object width="320" height="266" class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="https://ytimg.googleusercontent.com/vi/_gJQZjlgYZ0/0.jpg"><param name="movie" value="https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/_gJQZjlgYZ0&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/_gJQZjlgYZ0&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>
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Top 10 Gods and Characters from Mythology Worshiped by Scientists and Scholars</div>
African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-92092813668505658722014-01-31T21:42:00.001-05:002014-01-31T21:42:29.049-05:00West African Inventor Makes a $100 3D Printer From E-WasteSource: <a href="http://inhabitat.com/west-african-inventor-makes-a-100-3d-printer-from-e-waste/">http://inhabitat.com/west-african-inventor-makes-a-100-3d-printer-from-e-waste/</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje_yTKfrW3PQMeiZbzkwuPYDJAh8H69aSZauElwfJ3LoJN1xhc3Q-s-tn91yR6x4x0ouzl8-yaQQNxedFcSFd36rNqsLj95s4kIL5bRcPd2y_lDERCxx44kB6v1aX3RWvLzJw-Rx5jQuoF/s1600/3d-printer-e-waste-Inventor-and-printer-537x357.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje_yTKfrW3PQMeiZbzkwuPYDJAh8H69aSZauElwfJ3LoJN1xhc3Q-s-tn91yR6x4x0ouzl8-yaQQNxedFcSFd36rNqsLj95s4kIL5bRcPd2y_lDERCxx44kB6v1aX3RWvLzJw-Rx5jQuoF/s1600/3d-printer-e-waste-Inventor-and-printer-537x357.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Kodjo Afate Gnikou, a resourceful inventor from Togo in West Africa, has made a <a href="http://www.ulule.com/wafate/" target="_blank">$100 3D printer </a>which he constructed from parts he scrounged from broken scanners, computers, printers and other e-waste. The fully functional DIY printer cost a fraction of those currently on the market, and saves environmentally damaging waste from reaching landfill sites.<br /><br />Discarded electronic equipment is one of the world’s fastest-growing sources of waste, as consumers frequently replace “old” models that become more obsolete each year. However instead of letting e-waste sit them on the scrap pile or head to the landfill, Kodjo Afate Gnikou decided to utilize spare parts in order to create a cheap, DIY 3D printer.<br /><br />Gnikou is part of WoeLab, a hackerspace in the city of Lomé, and has big plans for his recycling project. According to his crowd funding page, he is working with FacLab-France in the WAFATE to Mars project, which aims to make machines from recycled e-waste to prepare for missions on Mars. Systems like the 3D printer could become a crucial part of missions on the Red Planet should they ever go ahead.<br /><br />Gnikou’s 3D printer was mostly made from materials he obtained from a junk yard in Lomé, though he did have to buy a few parts. The entire system cost about $100 which is a bargain consideringcurrent models on the market can cost thousands of dollars.<br /><br />According to his fundraising page, Gnikou aims that with his project, he will “put technology into needy hands and give Africa the opportunity to not only be a spectator but to play the first role in a more virtuous industrial revolution.”<br /><br />To support Gnikou’s project, <a href="http://www.ulule.com/wafate/" target="_blank">click here</a>.<br />
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African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5425388876886224384.post-41615500268914153052014-01-04T09:14:00.002-05:002014-01-04T09:14:33.895-05:00A Guinean solves a 270 years old Mathematics Problem<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Ibrahima Sambégou Diallo</b> may have become the first African mathematician of the contemporary era to have elaborated a theorem. This Guinean journalist who recently reconverted himself into mathematics has found the solution to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldbach%27s_conjecture" target="_blank">Goldbach’s conjecture</a>, which is one of the oldest best unsolved mathematics problems of all times. The Goldbach’s conjecture was elaborated 270 years ago by Christian Goldbach, tutor of the tsar Peter II, and employee in the Russian Foreign affairs’s ministry. In 1742, Goldbach sent a letter to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler" target="_blank">Euler</a>, stating the Goldbach’s conjecture: “<b>Every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes.</b>” For instance, <b>6 = 3 + 3; 8 = 3 + 5; 10 = 3 + 7 = 5 + 5; 30 = 11 + 19 = 13 + 17; 100 = 17 + 83 …</b> This mathematical problem was so hard to solve that it took 270 years, and hundreds of mathematicians around the globe working on it.<br /><br />It took Ibrahima 14 years of hard work to finally come up with the answer; this projects him in the court of the great mathematicians of this world. He had been in contest with some well-known and well-supported American researchers. Ibrahima Sambégou Diallo has been knocking at all doors to validate his work. Finding no support in his own country, Guinea, Ibrahima has decided to go to Dakar, Senegal to validate his results at the mathematics institute there. He hopes to find support so as to become the first contemporary African to have elaborated a theorem. <br />
Source: <a href="http://diasporas-noires.com/un-guineen-solutionne-un-probleme-de-maths-vieux-de-270-ans">http://diasporas-noires.com/un-guineen-solutionne-un-probleme-de-maths-vieux-de-270-ans</a>African Creation Energyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16722716206316656798noreply@blogger.com1